Straw return with microbial agents and nitrogen fertilizer is a promising strategy for improving soil nutrient supply and productivity. However, the impact of this strategy on tobacco yield and the soil microbiome within tobacco-rice rotation systems remains unclear. A five-year field experiment was conducted to compare this integrated straw return approach, termed ammoniated-decomposed rice straw return (ADS), with conventional crushed rice straw return (CS) and rice straw removal (CK). Results showed that ADS significantly increased the five-year average tobacco yield by 7.07% compared to CK and enhanced yield stability by reducing the coefficient of variation by 21.63%. Straw incorporation primarily reshaped the fungal community, enriching key phyla such as Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota. Functional predictions suggested that ADS reduced the relative abundance of potential plant pathogens, whereas CS increased them. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis revealed that ADS exhibited a higher relative abundance of module hubs in both bacterial and fungal networks. The abundance of these module hubs was significantly positively correlated with tobacco yield and soil nutrient availability in 2024. Overall, ADS represents a practical residue management strategy for tobacco-rice rotation systems. It consistently improved tobacco yield and yield stability and was associated with higher soil nutrient availability and yield-associated microbial network features.
{"title":"Ammoniated-decomposed rice straw return improves tobacco yield and reshapes the soil microbial community","authors":"Ping Wang, Ping Cong, Xiangyun Li, Changzheng Wu, Zubin Lin, Jianxin Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123155","url":null,"abstract":"Straw return with microbial agents and nitrogen fertilizer is a promising strategy for improving soil nutrient supply and productivity. However, the impact of this strategy on tobacco yield and the soil microbiome within tobacco-rice rotation systems remains unclear. A five-year field experiment was conducted to compare this integrated straw return approach, termed ammoniated-decomposed rice straw return (ADS), with conventional crushed rice straw return (CS) and rice straw removal (CK). Results showed that ADS significantly increased the five-year average tobacco yield by 7.07% compared to CK and enhanced yield stability by reducing the coefficient of variation by 21.63%. Straw incorporation primarily reshaped the fungal community, enriching key phyla such as Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota. Functional predictions suggested that ADS reduced the relative abundance of potential plant pathogens, whereas CS increased them. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis revealed that ADS exhibited a higher relative abundance of module hubs in both bacterial and fungal networks. The abundance of these module hubs was significantly positively correlated with tobacco yield and soil nutrient availability in 2024. Overall, ADS represents a practical residue management strategy for tobacco-rice rotation systems. It consistently improved tobacco yield and yield stability and was associated with higher soil nutrient availability and yield-associated microbial network features.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-26DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123121
Chunni Lei, Xiuwen Cheng, Lingfei Ma
To address the issues of high toxicity and significant environmental harm caused by dye wastewater, this study used olive pomace, a by-product of the olive oil industry, as a raw material to produce high-performance activated carbon (OP-AC) using a two-step pyrolysis method. This approach achieves the dual goals of “treating waste with waste” and resource utilisation. OP-AC exhibited excellent adsorption performance, with adsorption capacities for malachite green(MG), neutral red(NR), acid blue 113(AB113), and acid orange G(AOG) reaching as high as 1012.0, 825.5, 870.5, and 1365.5 mg·g−1, respectively. The material is characterised by a high specific surface area (1678.49 m2·g−1) and a hierarchical porous structure, providing abundant active sites for adsorption. The adsorption process was found to be in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir model described the adsorption isotherms of cationic dyes, while the Freundlich model described anionic dyes better. The adsorption was identified as spontaneous and endothermic. Pore filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and the electrostatic interaction were identified as the primary processes governing the interaction between dye particles and OP-AC. Notably, in actual water systems,the capacity for adsorption of MG (≥495.37 mg·g⁻¹), NR (≥492.83 mg·g⁻¹), and AOG (≥430.9 mg·g⁻¹) by OP-AC exceeded those observed in deionized water(MG:400.9 mg·g⁻¹, NR: 329.6 mg·g⁻¹, AOG:385.6 mg·g⁻¹). Furthermore, the OP-AC demonstrated robust adsorption efficacy following five successive adsorption-desorption cycles.This study provides a reliable pathway for the resource utilization of waste biomass to prepare highly efficient adsorbents, showcasing broad application prospects in the treatment of dye wastewater.
{"title":"From olive pomace waste to valuable resource: Investigating olive pomace activated carbon for removing organic dyes in water","authors":"Chunni Lei, Xiuwen Cheng, Lingfei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123121","url":null,"abstract":"To address the issues of high toxicity and significant environmental harm caused by dye wastewater, this study used olive pomace, a by-product of the olive oil industry, as a raw material to produce high-performance activated carbon (OP-AC) using a two-step pyrolysis method. This approach achieves the dual goals of “treating waste with waste” and resource utilisation. OP-AC exhibited excellent adsorption performance, with adsorption capacities for malachite green(MG), neutral red(NR), acid blue 113(AB113), and acid orange G(AOG) reaching as high as 1012.0, 825.5, 870.5, and 1365.5 mg·g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The material is characterised by a high specific surface area (1678.49 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>) and a hierarchical porous structure, providing abundant active sites for adsorption. The adsorption process was found to be in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir model described the adsorption isotherms of cationic dyes, while the Freundlich model described anionic dyes better. The adsorption was identified as spontaneous and endothermic. Pore filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and the electrostatic interaction were identified as the primary processes governing the interaction between dye particles and OP-AC. Notably, in actual water systems,the capacity for adsorption of MG (≥495.37 mg·g⁻¹), NR (≥492.83 mg·g⁻¹), and AOG (≥430.9 mg·g⁻¹) by OP-AC exceeded those observed in deionized water(MG:400.9 mg·g⁻¹, NR: 329.6 mg·g⁻¹, AOG:385.6 mg·g⁻¹). Furthermore, the OP-AC demonstrated robust adsorption efficacy following five successive adsorption-desorption cycles.This study provides a reliable pathway for the resource utilization of waste biomass to prepare highly efficient adsorbents, showcasing broad application prospects in the treatment of dye wastewater.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The activity of lignin, a sustainable reinforcing filler for rubber composites, is often hindered by its inherent hydrophilicity, and poor compatibility and functionality. This study addresses these limitations by developing a multifunctional bio-based reinforcer by grafting aminomethyl groups onto lignin via a hexamethylenetetramine-mediated Mannich reaction. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of lignin@hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), which exhibited enhanced hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and radical-scavenging capability. Lignin@HMT incorporated into natural rubber (NR) imparted pronounced multifunctional performance, simultaneously acting as a reinforcing agent, adhesion promoter, and antioxidant. Compared with pristine NR, the NR–lignin@HMT composites exhibited an 83.8% increase in stress under 100% tensile strain, 20.7% enhancement in the steel cord adhesion force, and 87.0% improvement in the antiaging coefficient. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the introduction of aminomethyl groups strengthened interfacial interactions with the rubber matrix while effectively quenching free radicals, elucidating the synergistic mechanisms underlying the enhanced mechanical reinforcement and thermo-oxidative aging resistance. This study provides a viable strategy for transforming lignin into a high-value, multifunctional reinforcer for sustainable and high-performance rubber composites, particularly for tire-related applications.
{"title":"Aminomethylated lignin as multifunctional bio-based reinforcer for natural rubber with enhanced mechanical strength, steel cord adhesion, and antiaging performance","authors":"Qi Zhang, Penglong Zhang, Chunmei Lv, Qi Jiang, Ruiguo Dong, Xiaolai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123144","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of lignin, a sustainable reinforcing filler for rubber composites, is often hindered by its inherent hydrophilicity, and poor compatibility and functionality. This study addresses these limitations by developing a multifunctional bio-based reinforcer by grafting aminomethyl groups onto lignin via a hexamethylenetetramine-mediated Mannich reaction. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of lignin@hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), which exhibited enhanced hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and radical-scavenging capability. Lignin@HMT incorporated into natural rubber (NR) imparted pronounced multifunctional performance, simultaneously acting as a reinforcing agent, adhesion promoter, and antioxidant. Compared with pristine NR, the NR–lignin@HMT composites exhibited an 83.8% increase in stress under 100% tensile strain, 20.7% enhancement in the steel cord adhesion force, and 87.0% improvement in the antiaging coefficient. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the introduction of aminomethyl groups strengthened interfacial interactions with the rubber matrix while effectively quenching free radicals, elucidating the synergistic mechanisms underlying the enhanced mechanical reinforcement and thermo-oxidative aging resistance. This study provides a viable strategy for transforming lignin into a high-value, multifunctional reinforcer for sustainable and high-performance rubber composites, particularly for tire-related applications.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of conventional urea remains low, leading to significant economic and environmental challenges. While biodegradable polymer-coated slow-release fertilizers offer a promising alternative, their performance is often hampered by rapid nutrient release. This study developed a new biochar-amended coated urea (0.25BC-PVA/SA-SRU) using a polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate (PVA/SA) hydrogel matrix to enhance nitrogen utilization in wheat. A comprehensive field experiment demonstrated that 0.25BC-PVA/SA-SRU significantly increased grain yield by approximately 36.2% and 25.5% compared to conventional urea and unamended PVA/SA-coated urea, respectively. Mechanistic insights revealed that the biochar amendment served as a multifunctional modifier within the hydrogel: its microporous structure and adsorption capacity decelerated urea diffusion and minimized burst release, while its hydrophobic nature regulated water infiltration, collectively synchronizing nitrogen release with crop demand. This tailored release kinetics, validated by soil column leaching tests, underpinned a remarkable NUE of 51.0%—more than double that of conventional urea (24.7%). Furthermore, the coating decomposition and biochar incorporation created synergistic soil benefits: they enhanced cation exchange capacity and organic matter content, while the biochar's porous architecture served as a microbial hotspot, significantly increasing bacterial diversity and enriching key taxa involved in nitrogen cycling. Life cycle assessment confirmed the broad environmental advantages of 0.25BC-PVA/SA-SRU, showing consistent impact reductions across multiple categories. The integration of biochar into a biodegradable coating thus establishes a synergistic strategy for sustainable intensification of cereal production, simultaneously addressing agronomic productivity, soil ecological health, and environmental sustainability.
{"title":"A biochar-based coated urea for enhanced nitrogen utilization in wheat farming: Field performance, soil microbial response and life cycle assessment","authors":"Shumian Jiang, Aosheng Bai, Qinglong Chen, Xu Zhao, Chang Dong, Yan Zhang, Zhen Qiu, Cheng Fu, Yongfu Li, Yanjiang Cai, Bing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123143","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of conventional urea remains low, leading to significant economic and environmental challenges. While biodegradable polymer-coated slow-release fertilizers offer a promising alternative, their performance is often hampered by rapid nutrient release. This study developed a new biochar-amended coated urea (0.25BC-PVA/SA-SRU) using a polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate (PVA/SA) hydrogel matrix to enhance nitrogen utilization in wheat. A comprehensive field experiment demonstrated that 0.25BC-PVA/SA-SRU significantly increased grain yield by approximately 36.2% and 25.5% compared to conventional urea and unamended PVA/SA-coated urea, respectively. Mechanistic insights revealed that the biochar amendment served as a multifunctional modifier within the hydrogel: its microporous structure and adsorption capacity decelerated urea diffusion and minimized burst release, while its hydrophobic nature regulated water infiltration, collectively synchronizing nitrogen release with crop demand. This tailored release kinetics, validated by soil column leaching tests, underpinned a remarkable NUE of 51.0%—more than double that of conventional urea (24.7%). Furthermore, the coating decomposition and biochar incorporation created synergistic soil benefits: they enhanced cation exchange capacity and organic matter content, while the biochar's porous architecture served as a microbial hotspot, significantly increasing bacterial diversity and enriching key taxa involved in nitrogen cycling. Life cycle assessment confirmed the broad environmental advantages of 0.25BC-PVA/SA-SRU, showing consistent impact reductions across multiple categories. The integration of biochar into a biodegradable coating thus establishes a synergistic strategy for sustainable intensification of cereal production, simultaneously addressing agronomic productivity, soil ecological health, and environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acidic and alkali extractions are two fundamental methods for isolating bioactive polysaccharides, each generates distinct molecular structures that critically determine their biological functionalities. Despite the broad utilization of these techniques in producing polysaccharides that exhibit significant therapeutic potential, in-depth and systematic analyses of their extraction mechanisms, structural features, and resulting bioactivities remain insufficiently explored. This comprehensive review provides a critical comparative analysis across four key dimensions: (1) extraction, separation and purification methodologies of polysaccharides, (2) method-induced structural disparities, including molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide composition, (3) bioactivities, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects, (4) structure-function relationship governing polysaccharide bioactivity. The current review highlights that alkali-extracted polysaccharides often exhibit higher molecular weights and enhanced immunomodulatory and anti-tumor properties, whereas acidic-extracted polysaccharides tend to possess lower molecular weights and superior antioxidant activity. Despite extensive research on polysaccharides, a systematic comparison of the emerging trends in structure and bioactivity between acidic- and alkali-extracted variants is lacking. By elucidating these aspects, this review covers relevant literature over the past decade aims to bridge critical gaps in method-structure-function understanding and offer valuable insights to guide the production of high-quality polysaccharides for functional foods and therapeutic agents.
{"title":"Current emerging trends in structure and bioactivities of acidic and alkali-extracted polysaccharides: A review","authors":"Jianshuang Jiao, Peng Deng, Lizeng Peng, Chune Peng, Xiuwen Jia, Lodi rathna silviya, Xinkun Wang, Xiaodan Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123150","url":null,"abstract":"Acidic and alkali extractions are two fundamental methods for isolating bioactive polysaccharides, each generates distinct molecular structures that critically determine their biological functionalities. Despite the broad utilization of these techniques in producing polysaccharides that exhibit significant therapeutic potential, in-depth and systematic analyses of their extraction mechanisms, structural features, and resulting bioactivities remain insufficiently explored. This comprehensive review provides a critical comparative analysis across four key dimensions: (1) extraction, separation and purification methodologies of polysaccharides, (2) method-induced structural disparities, including molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide composition, (3) bioactivities, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects, (4) structure-function relationship governing polysaccharide bioactivity. The current review highlights that alkali-extracted polysaccharides often exhibit higher molecular weights and enhanced immunomodulatory and anti-tumor properties, whereas acidic-extracted polysaccharides tend to possess lower molecular weights and superior antioxidant activity. Despite extensive research on polysaccharides, a systematic comparison of the emerging trends in structure and bioactivity between acidic- and alkali-extracted variants is lacking. By elucidating these aspects, this review covers relevant literature over the past decade aims to bridge critical gaps in method-structure-function understanding and offer valuable insights to guide the production of high-quality polysaccharides for functional foods and therapeutic agents.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-24DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123107
He Yang, Hongyan Jin, Zihao Zhao, Haoyu Wang, Wanying Li, Yingping Wang, Nanqi Zhang, Yonghua Xu, Jiao Liu
Low-temperature influences plant growth and the development of quality characteristics. However, water can mitigate certain adverse effects of low-temperature stress by modulating internal plant temperature and supporting essential physiological processes. This study examined physiological responses, transcriptomic changes, and dynamic accumulation of bioactive compounds in ginseng leaves under low-temperature stress across varying soil moisture levels. Results showed that low-temperature inhibited ginseng leaves photosynthetic performance across all soil moisture treatments, particularly in the high soil moisture group (LQ). After 33 h of low-temperature stress, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) decreased by 64.01%, 33.33% and 38.20%, respectively, compared with the 0 h. After 48 h, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), maximum fluorescence intensity (Fm), and maximum PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm) declined by 62.76%, 52.93% and 51.29%, respectively, compared with the 0 h. Meanwhile, the LQ group exhibited the most severe lipid peroxidation, with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increasing by 128.80% after just 4 h of low-temperature stress—indicating compromised membrane integrity and diminished cold tolerance. Notably, under low-temperature stress, all three soil moisture treatments enhanced sucrose synthase (SUSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity, promoting sucrose accumulation and improving osmotic regulation. Concurrently, they increased total saponin content—primarily PPT-type and PPD-type ginsenosides. Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of key genes in both the starch—sucrose metabolic and ginsenoside biosynthesis pathways. These findings provide a theoretical basis for scientifically formulating ginseng cultivation management strategies by regulating soil moisture conditions under low-temperature stress, which holds significant importance for ensuring ginseng cultivation and industrial development.
{"title":"Physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses of Panax ginseng leaves to low-temperature stress under different soil water conditions","authors":"He Yang, Hongyan Jin, Zihao Zhao, Haoyu Wang, Wanying Li, Yingping Wang, Nanqi Zhang, Yonghua Xu, Jiao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123107","url":null,"abstract":"Low-temperature influences plant growth and the development of quality characteristics. However, water can mitigate certain adverse effects of low-temperature stress by modulating internal plant temperature and supporting essential physiological processes. This study examined physiological responses, transcriptomic changes, and dynamic accumulation of bioactive compounds in ginseng leaves under low-temperature stress across varying soil moisture levels. Results showed that low-temperature inhibited ginseng leaves photosynthetic performance across all soil moisture treatments, particularly in the high soil moisture group (LQ). After 33 h of low-temperature stress, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) decreased by 64.01%, 33.33% and 38.20%, respectively, compared with the 0 h. After 48 h, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), maximum fluorescence intensity (Fm), and maximum PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm) declined by 62.76%, 52.93% and 51.29%, respectively, compared with the 0 h. Meanwhile, the LQ group exhibited the most severe lipid peroxidation, with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increasing by 128.80% after just 4 h of low-temperature stress—indicating compromised membrane integrity and diminished cold tolerance. Notably, under low-temperature stress, all three soil moisture treatments enhanced sucrose synthase (SUSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity, promoting sucrose accumulation and improving osmotic regulation. Concurrently, they increased total saponin content—primarily PPT-type and PPD-type ginsenosides. Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of key genes in both the starch—sucrose metabolic and ginsenoside biosynthesis pathways. These findings provide a theoretical basis for scientifically formulating ginseng cultivation management strategies by regulating soil moisture conditions under low-temperature stress, which holds significant importance for ensuring ginseng cultivation and industrial development.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"219 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil salinization severely constrains agricultural productivity, particularly affecting forage crops in arid regions. Although smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) demonstrates a certain level of tolerance, the candidate genes responsible for its resistance to saline-alkali stress remain largely unidentified. This study initially developed a high-quality, full-length reference transcriptome by sequencing a combined RNA sample, resulting in 124,616 unique transcripts with high completeness. Of these, 12,290 genes were annotated using various databases. Using this reference, transcriptome analysis was conducted on samples collected at different time points under salt and alkali stress. Analysis of differentially expressed genes, combined with physiological data and functional enrichment, indicates that 12 h is a key threshold in the response to saline-alkali stress. We identified 71 and 73 differentially co-expressed genes under salt and alkali stress conditions, respectively, with 15 upregulated genes shared by both stress types. KEGG enrichment analysis identified dynamic expression patterns in pathways crucial for stress adaptation, including phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, photosynthetic antenna proteins, plant hormone signaling, and nitrogen metabolism. Among these pathways, we identified six photosynthetic antenna protein genes, two SnRK2 genes, and one IAA gene that were consistently differentially expressed across different growth stages. Validation through yeast heterologous expression demonstrated that four genes Bromus_inermis_049541, Bromus_inermis_074327, Bromus_inermis_262350, and Bromus_inermis_001261 enhances tolerance to salt and alkali stresses; Bromus_inermis_142424 enhances alkali tolerance, whilst Bromus_inermis_295092 enhances salt tolerance. These findings provide candidate genes crucial for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying smooth bromegrass’s tolerance to salt and alkali stresses, and offer direction for subsequent functional validation studies.
{"title":"The identification of key salt and alkali tolerance genes in smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) by transcriptome analysis","authors":"Wenxiang Li, Shujie Dai, Yanxia Liang, Yinuo Yan, Shiyao Yue, Xinlei Xie, Sujuan Xiao, Dengxia Yi, Jun Li, Xiaolin Li, Lili Nan, Bin Wang, Wenbo Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123153","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinization severely constrains agricultural productivity, particularly affecting forage crops in arid regions. Although smooth bromegrass (<em>Bromus inermis</em> L.) demonstrates a certain level of tolerance, the candidate genes responsible for its resistance to saline-alkali stress remain largely unidentified. This study initially developed a high-quality, full-length reference transcriptome by sequencing a combined RNA sample, resulting in 124,616 unique transcripts with high completeness. Of these, 12,290 genes were annotated using various databases. Using this reference, transcriptome analysis was conducted on samples collected at different time points under salt and alkali stress. Analysis of differentially expressed genes, combined with physiological data and functional enrichment, indicates that 12 h is a key threshold in the response to saline-alkali stress. We identified 71 and 73 differentially co-expressed genes under salt and alkali stress conditions, respectively, with 15 upregulated genes shared by both stress types. KEGG enrichment analysis identified dynamic expression patterns in pathways crucial for stress adaptation, including phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, photosynthetic antenna proteins, plant hormone signaling, and nitrogen metabolism. Among these pathways, we identified six photosynthetic antenna protein genes, two <em>SnRK2</em> genes, and one <em>IAA</em> gene that were consistently differentially expressed across different growth stages. Validation through yeast heterologous expression demonstrated that four genes <em>Bromus_inermis_049541</em>, <em>Bromus_inermis_074327</em>, <em>Bromus_inermis_262350</em>, and <em>Bromus_inermis_001261</em> enhances tolerance to salt and alkali stresses; <em>Bromus_inermis_142424</em> enhances alkali tolerance, whilst <em>Bromus_inermis_295092</em> enhances salt tolerance. These findings provide candidate genes crucial for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying smooth bromegrass’s tolerance to salt and alkali stresses, and offer direction for subsequent functional validation studies.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil salinization profoundly affects soil nitrogen (N) transformation and reactive N loss. Although N stabilizers, such as urease/nitrification inhibitors, are promising tools for mitigating N pollution and enhancing nutrient efficiency, their response to soil salinization is unclear. A microcosm aerobiotic incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of salinization (salt addition) combined with N stabilizer amendment on soil NH3, N2O, NO, and CO2 emissions. Additionally, quantitative PCR was combined with metagenomic analysis to identify microbial community shifts and functional gene responses. The results showed that urea with salt addition (SU) increased soil NH3, N2O, and NO emissions by 68.3%, 41.3%, and 45.3%, respectively, compared with urea alone, owing to the rapid growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) carrying amoA genes and increased nitrite accumulation. Nitrification inhibitor (NI) amendment reduced N2O and NO emissions by over 60% compared with the corresponding U and SU treatments, although this amendment increased NH3 volatilization. Soil salinization combined with NI increased NH3, N2O, and NO emissions by 55.7%, 22.7%, and 43.6%, respectively, compared with those observed under NI without salinization; this was a direct result of Nitrosospira amplification (gene abundance). Urease inhibitor (UI) or double inhibitor (DI) amendment retained N in the form of urea, thereby reducing substrate availability for reactive N gas emissions by lowering the number of amoA-AOB gene copies and reducing the abundances of the dominant genera. Furthermore, salt addition did not affect the efficacy of UI or DI. These findings suggest that the application of UIs could be prioritized for soils with high pH and salinity levels to reduce N pollution and prolong soil N availability for crops.
{"title":"Soil salinization stimulated reactive N emissions and differentially affects the efficacy of N stabilizers","authors":"Yuyang Zhang, Yunqi Ma, Bing Xu, Cuiyun Wu, Kaihong Zhang, Zhipeng Sha","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123128","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinization profoundly affects soil nitrogen (N) transformation and reactive N loss. Although N stabilizers, such as urease/nitrification inhibitors, are promising tools for mitigating N pollution and enhancing nutrient efficiency, their response to soil salinization is unclear. A microcosm aerobiotic incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of salinization (salt addition) combined with N stabilizer amendment on soil NH<sub>3</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, NO, and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Additionally, quantitative PCR was combined with metagenomic analysis to identify microbial community shifts and functional gene responses. The results showed that urea with salt addition (SU) increased soil NH<sub>3</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and NO emissions by 68.3%, 41.3%, and 45.3%, respectively, compared with urea alone, owing to the rapid growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) carrying <em>amo</em>A genes and increased nitrite accumulation. Nitrification inhibitor (NI) amendment reduced N<sub>2</sub>O and NO emissions by over 60% compared with the corresponding U and SU treatments, although this amendment increased NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization. Soil salinization combined with NI increased NH<sub>3</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and NO emissions by 55.7%, 22.7%, and 43.6%, respectively, compared with those observed under NI without salinization; this was a direct result of <em>Nitrosospira</em> amplification (gene abundance). Urease inhibitor (UI) or double inhibitor (DI) amendment retained N in the form of urea, thereby reducing substrate availability for reactive N gas emissions by lowering the number of <em>amo</em>A-AOB gene copies and reducing the abundances of the dominant genera. Furthermore, salt addition did not affect the efficacy of UI or DI. These findings suggest that the application of UIs could be prioritized for soils with high pH and salinity levels to reduce N pollution and prolong soil N availability for crops.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-24DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123158
Yunlong Yang, Han Wang, Pan Yang, Hengzhuo Zhou, Binghua Wang, Baoqiang Lv
{"title":"A novel spent mushroom substrate based biocathode: Performances and mechanisms for electricity generation and nitrate reduction","authors":"Yunlong Yang, Han Wang, Pan Yang, Hengzhuo Zhou, Binghua Wang, Baoqiang Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147501670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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