The role of blockchain technology in facilitating finance for metal and mining resources

As ESG investment becomes a key sustainability goal, its importance grows amid technological advancements. This study explores the effect of blockchain on ESG investments in 100 Chinese A-listed firms in the metal and mining sectors from 2016 to 2019. CS-FMOLS estimates show that a 1% rise in blockchain use increases ESG investments by 0.017%, underscoring blockchain's role in boosting transparency and efficiency. Additionally, a 1% increase in profits results in a 0.362% rise in ESG investments, and a 1% boost in EPS yields a 0.177% increase in ESG investments. Conversely, a 1% growth in personnel leads to a 0.42% decrease in ESG investment, highlighting a gap in green jobs and literacy. Changes in R&D spending have no significant effect on ESG investments. To enhance ESG investments, policies should include sustainable education, industry-specific cryptocurrencies, blockchain-based credit references, and expanded use in carbon markets.