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Impact of emerging technologies on corporate social responsibility in mining industry
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105454
Muhammad Haroon , Mirzat Ullah , Zhanqiang Li , Shuo Zhu , Judong Wang , Chu-Pin (Eugune) Hsueh
The mining industry faces increasing scrutiny over its environmental and social impacts, particularly in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The rapid development of emerging technologies has the potential to reshape CSR practices, but little is known about the specific effects on the mining sector. This study investigates how emerging technologies have influenced CSR in 1299 Chinese mining companies from 2010 to 2022. Using fixed-effects regressions, the analysis reveals that the adoption of advanced technologies significantly improves environmental performance by reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption. Additionally, these technologies enhance safety standards, leading to a measurable decrease in workplace accidents. However, the study also finds that while technological integration boosts transparency and stakeholder engagement, its impact on long-term social welfare remains mixed. The findings suggest that policy efforts should focus on incentivizing technological innovation while ensuring that CSR frameworks are robust enough to address both environmental and social concerns in the mining industry.
{"title":"Impact of emerging technologies on corporate social responsibility in mining industry","authors":"Muhammad Haroon ,&nbsp;Mirzat Ullah ,&nbsp;Zhanqiang Li ,&nbsp;Shuo Zhu ,&nbsp;Judong Wang ,&nbsp;Chu-Pin (Eugune) Hsueh","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mining industry faces increasing scrutiny over its environmental and social impacts, particularly in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The rapid development of emerging technologies has the potential to reshape CSR practices, but little is known about the specific effects on the mining sector. This study investigates how emerging technologies have influenced CSR in 1299 Chinese mining companies from 2010 to 2022. Using fixed-effects regressions, the analysis reveals that the adoption of advanced technologies significantly improves environmental performance by reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption. Additionally, these technologies enhance safety standards, leading to a measurable decrease in workplace accidents. However, the study also finds that while technological integration boosts transparency and stakeholder engagement, its impact on long-term social welfare remains mixed. The findings suggest that policy efforts should focus on incentivizing technological innovation while ensuring that CSR frameworks are robust enough to address both environmental and social concerns in the mining industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 105454"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Natural resources dependence and climate vulnerability: Do women's political empowerment and political ideology make the difference?
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105511
Joseph Keneck-Massil , Suzie Imelda Foudjo
This article analyses the effect of natural resources on vulnerability to climate change, with an emphasis on the mitigating role of women's political empowerment and political party ideology. Specifically, it explores the extent to which women's political empowerment and political ideology reduce the positive effect of natural resource dependence on the degree of climate vulnerability. We find strong evidence of a positive relationship between natural resource dependence and climate vulnerability. Moreover, we observe that only forestry, coal, oil, and natural gas rents increase vulnerability to climate change, while mining rents help to reduce climate vulnerability. The results also highlight the fact that the political empowerment of women and the ideology of political parties attenuate the effect of natural resources on climate vulnerability. The effect of political ideology is more persistent for left-wing governments.
{"title":"Natural resources dependence and climate vulnerability: Do women's political empowerment and political ideology make the difference?","authors":"Joseph Keneck-Massil ,&nbsp;Suzie Imelda Foudjo","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article analyses the effect of natural resources on vulnerability to climate change, with an emphasis on the mitigating role of women's political empowerment and political party ideology. Specifically, it explores the extent to which women's political empowerment and political ideology reduce the positive effect of natural resource dependence on the degree of climate vulnerability. We find strong evidence of a positive relationship between natural resource dependence and climate vulnerability. Moreover, we observe that only forestry, coal, oil, and natural gas rents increase vulnerability to climate change, while mining rents help to reduce climate vulnerability. The results also highlight the fact that the political empowerment of women and the ideology of political parties attenuate the effect of natural resources on climate vulnerability. The effect of political ideology is more persistent for left-wing governments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 105511"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Circular economy in the mining industry: A bibliometric and systematic literature review
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105513
Marco A. Cotrina-Teatino, Jairo J. Marquina-Araujo
This study seeks to provide comprehensive mapping of research on the circular economy within the mining sector from 2000 to 2024, highlighting essential topics, prevailing trends, and prospective future directions. Utilizing a mixed-method approach that combines bibliometric analysis, text mining, and content analysis, the research pursues several objectives: (i) capture the scientific foundation of circular economic research in mining by identifying key themes and trends over the past 24 years, (ii) offer a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on the topic, and (iii) propose future research directions. A total of 136 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus, JSTOR, and Taylor & Francis databases were analyzed, selected through the PRISMA method and ad-hoc sampling. The analysis identified three main research areas: (1) circular economy strategies for tailings and waste management in mining, (2) regulatory challenges and opportunities for circular economy implementation in mining, and (3) value chains within the circular economy in the mining sector. Based on these areas, four key lines of future research were proposed: innovation in tailings and waste management, regulatory and governance challenges, integration of technologies in sustainable value chains, and design of mine closure and rehabilitation strategies under circular economy principles. These recommendations aim to enhance sustainability and optimize resource use in the mining industry, promoting practices that contribute to a more responsible and efficient global development model.
{"title":"Circular economy in the mining industry: A bibliometric and systematic literature review","authors":"Marco A. Cotrina-Teatino,&nbsp;Jairo J. Marquina-Araujo","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study seeks to provide comprehensive mapping of research on the circular economy within the mining sector from 2000 to 2024, highlighting essential topics, prevailing trends, and prospective future directions. Utilizing a mixed-method approach that combines bibliometric analysis, text mining, and content analysis, the research pursues several objectives: (i) capture the scientific foundation of circular economic research in mining by identifying key themes and trends over the past 24 years, (ii) offer a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on the topic, and (iii) propose future research directions. A total of 136 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus, JSTOR, and Taylor &amp; Francis databases were analyzed, selected through the PRISMA method and ad-hoc sampling. The analysis identified three main research areas: (1) circular economy strategies for tailings and waste management in mining, (2) regulatory challenges and opportunities for circular economy implementation in mining, and (3) value chains within the circular economy in the mining sector. Based on these areas, four key lines of future research were proposed: innovation in tailings and waste management, regulatory and governance challenges, integration of technologies in sustainable value chains, and design of mine closure and rehabilitation strategies under circular economy principles. These recommendations aim to enhance sustainability and optimize resource use in the mining industry, promoting practices that contribute to a more responsible and efficient global development model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 105513"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gold and Bitcoin as hedgers and safe havens: Perspective from nonlinear dynamics
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105489
Turker Acikgoz
This study explores the hedge and safe-haven properties of gold and Bitcoin against several financial asset classes: (i) developed market equities, (ii) emerging market equities, (iii) bonds, (iv) commodities, (v) energy, and (vi) cryptocurrencies. By employing multifractal cross-correlation analysis, the paper investigates whether gold or Bitcoin qualify as hedgers under stable market conditions or as safe havens during extreme market movements. The analysis of individual assets reveals that the variables exhibit multifractality, statistical self-similarity, and market inefficiency. Furthermore, the hedge analysis of bivariate portfolios indicates that neither gold nor Bitcoin can be classified as a hedge or safe haven for financial markets. The only notable risk reduction advantage is observed in the gold-bond pair. This study provides valuable insights into hedge and safe-haven dynamics in financial markets through the lens of nonlinear dynamics, offering significant practical implications for policymakers and investors.
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引用次数: 0
A novel optimization model for the dig-limit definition problem in open pit mines with multiple destinations
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105510
Gonzalo Nelis , Nelson Morales , Rodrigo Estay , Fabián Manríquez , Patricio Vivar , Constanza Morales
Dig-limit optimization is a crucial step in the grade-control process for open-pit mines. During short-term planning, blasthole data is used to generate an updated block model, typically, with a finer spatial resolution than the loading equipment's selectivity. Consequently, short-term planners must define operational dig-limits, determining the destination of each Selective Mining Unit (SMU) while accounting for the shovel bucket's size. This task is labor-intensive, highly time-consuming, and prone to SMU misclassification, potentially reducing profit and target fulfillment in the operation. To address these challenges, we propose a novel optimization model for defining optimal dig-limits for open pit mining. The model extends the state-of-the-art by including a wide range of destinations with capacity and blending constraints, and differential selectivity by equipment. Three case studies demonstrate the application of the model in short- and medium-term planning setups. Results indicate an average profit improvement of 7.3% compared to manually drawn dig-limits. Additionally, capacity and blending constraints significantly influence the optimal SMU assignment in scenarios with multiple destinations. The proposed model is computationally more efficient than existing exact methods, solving larger benches and complex setups to optimality using an off-the-shelf solver. This enhanced efficiency and versatility make the model a valuable tool for improving grade-control workflows in open-pit mining operations.
{"title":"A novel optimization model for the dig-limit definition problem in open pit mines with multiple destinations","authors":"Gonzalo Nelis ,&nbsp;Nelson Morales ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Estay ,&nbsp;Fabián Manríquez ,&nbsp;Patricio Vivar ,&nbsp;Constanza Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dig-limit optimization is a crucial step in the grade-control process for open-pit mines. During short-term planning, blasthole data is used to generate an updated block model, typically, with a finer spatial resolution than the loading equipment's selectivity. Consequently, short-term planners must define operational dig-limits, determining the destination of each Selective Mining Unit (SMU) while accounting for the shovel bucket's size. This task is labor-intensive, highly time-consuming, and prone to SMU misclassification, potentially reducing profit and target fulfillment in the operation. To address these challenges, we propose a novel optimization model for defining optimal dig-limits for open pit mining. The model extends the state-of-the-art by including a wide range of destinations with capacity and blending constraints, and differential selectivity by equipment. Three case studies demonstrate the application of the model in short- and medium-term planning setups. Results indicate an average profit improvement of 7.3% compared to manually drawn dig-limits. Additionally, capacity and blending constraints significantly influence the optimal SMU assignment in scenarios with multiple destinations. The proposed model is computationally more efficient than existing exact methods, solving larger benches and complex setups to optimality using an off-the-shelf solver. This enhanced efficiency and versatility make the model a valuable tool for improving grade-control workflows in open-pit mining operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 105510"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustainable contributions of the use of phosphorus, potassium, coal and natural stone mine wastes in soil improvement and agriculture – A review
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105506
Taşkın Deniz Yıldız
The need for sustainable utilization of mine wastes is increasing day by day. One of the uses that can meet this need is the use of mine wastes in agriculture and soil improvement. There is a lack of information in the literature about which mine wastes can be utilized for this purpose and what kind of sustainability contributions each of these wastes makes. In the literature, it is noteworthy that studies on the use of phosphate, potassium, coal and natural stone mine wastes as fertilizers in agriculture or in soil improvement have been carried out more intensively compared to other mine wastes, and the high capacity of these mine wastes to nourish the soil. Accordingly, in this study, the literature on the use of selected mining wastes in soil remediation and agriculture was reviewed. Firstly, the contributions to sustainability criteria of these mine wastes in agriculture and soil remediation were determined. Studies in the literature were reviewed, and the sustainability criteria to which these mine wastes contribute were also determined. Additionally, as a result of the studies conducted, it was also revealed which mine wastes contribute to each sustainability criterion. In this study, it was determined that the sustainable contributions of the selected mine wastes in agriculture & soil improvement were at a high level. According to the literature, applicable results can be obtained when these mine wastes are mixed with other wastes such as domestic or industrial wastes.
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引用次数: 0
Social license to operate of Tulu Kapi Gold Mining, Western Ethiopia
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105508
Gemechu Yigezu Ofgeha
The notion of social license become crucial in the mining sector mainly in developing countries due to rising in resource-related disputes and local community's aspirations for more participation and benefits. The context of social license to operate, and implications on mining development were assessed in this study, focusing on Tulu Kapi Gold Mining in Western Ethiopia. The qualitative methods were embedded in the statistical analysis for data collected from 116 participants from household heads, elders, women, and experts. Regardless of the expected adverse of mining, the local community supports the projects' operation in their area. However, the firms have hardly considered social acceptance that the observed trust index for most of the SLO indicators were remarkably low. The issues have dimensions along social groups that elders, women, and landless households were more concerned but are less engaged and showed maximum aversion. These conditions have been deteriorating community-companies relationships, and reducing effectiveness of mining operations. The situations have significant implications for the sector and the local community's welfare; and seek policy and practical attention in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Social license to operate of Tulu Kapi Gold Mining, Western Ethiopia","authors":"Gemechu Yigezu Ofgeha","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The notion of social license become crucial in the mining sector mainly in developing countries due to rising in resource-related disputes and local community's aspirations for more participation and benefits. The context of social license to operate, and implications on mining development were assessed in this study, focusing on Tulu Kapi Gold Mining in Western Ethiopia. The qualitative methods were embedded in the statistical analysis for data collected from 116 participants from household heads, elders, women, and experts. Regardless of the expected adverse of mining, the local community supports the projects' operation in their area. However, the firms have hardly considered social acceptance that the observed trust index for most of the SLO indicators were remarkably low. The issues have dimensions along social groups that elders, women, and landless households were more concerned but are less engaged and showed maximum aversion. These conditions have been deteriorating community-companies relationships, and reducing effectiveness of mining operations. The situations have significant implications for the sector and the local community's welfare; and seek policy and practical attention in Ethiopia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 105508"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143294601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Artisanal and small-scale mining, institutional arrangements and vulnerability of cocoa farmers in the Wassa Amenfi East and West Districts, Ghana
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105495
Frederick Koomson , Richard Oppong Ntiri , Daniel Boakye Dankwah , Francis Enu-Kwesi , Emmanuel Ekow Asmah
The study examined the institutional arrangements for reducing the vulnerability of cocoa farmers in two mining districts of Ghana. Using a qualitative research design, state institutions mandated to oversee mining and cocoa production, as well as informal institutions, traditional institutions, and cocoa farmers’ associations, were selected for the study. Data were collected through key informant interviews and group discussions and thematically analysed. We found that the state institutions mandated to regulate mining in Ghana work independently with no direct policies to protect cocoa farmers from artisanal and small-scale mining activities, thereby making them vulnerable to livelihood shocks. In terms of land acquisition, the study found that the Minerals and Mining Act, 2006(Act 703) was not enforced as most miners preferred to deal with informal institutions for land acquisition with its resultant implications for adequate compensation to cocoa farmers. In addition, the institutions were oblivious to the Economic Plants Protection Act, 1979 (A.F.R.C.D. 47) 1, which was promulgated to protect plants of economic value, including cocoa. Though backed by laws and regulations, the state institutions were constrained by political interference and inadequate logistics, which hampered the effective monitoring and regulation of artisanal and small-scale mining activities. The study recommends an effective implementation of the relevant laws and policies to leverage cocoa farmers. Also, effective collaboration among state institutions devoid of political meddling is sine qua non to reducing the vulnerability of cocoa farmers.
{"title":"Artisanal and small-scale mining, institutional arrangements and vulnerability of cocoa farmers in the Wassa Amenfi East and West Districts, Ghana","authors":"Frederick Koomson ,&nbsp;Richard Oppong Ntiri ,&nbsp;Daniel Boakye Dankwah ,&nbsp;Francis Enu-Kwesi ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Ekow Asmah","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study examined the institutional arrangements for reducing the vulnerability of cocoa farmers in two mining districts of Ghana. Using a qualitative research design, state institutions mandated to oversee mining and cocoa production, as well as informal institutions, traditional institutions, and cocoa farmers’ associations, were selected for the study. Data were collected through key informant interviews and group discussions and thematically analysed. We found that the state institutions mandated to regulate mining in Ghana work independently with no direct policies to protect cocoa farmers from artisanal and small-scale mining activities, thereby making them vulnerable to livelihood shocks. In terms of land acquisition, the study found that the Minerals and Mining Act, 2006(Act 703) was not enforced as most miners preferred to deal with informal institutions for land acquisition with its resultant implications for adequate compensation to cocoa farmers. In addition, the institutions were oblivious to the Economic Plants Protection Act, 1979 (A.F.R.C.D. 47) 1, which was promulgated to protect plants of economic value, including cocoa. Though backed by laws and regulations, the state institutions were constrained by political interference and inadequate logistics, which hampered the effective monitoring and regulation of artisanal and small-scale mining activities. The study recommends an effective implementation of the relevant laws and policies to leverage cocoa farmers. Also, effective collaboration among state institutions devoid of political meddling is <em>sine qua non</em> to reducing the vulnerability of cocoa farmers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 105495"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143294600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Responsibility of the private sector to fossil fuels transition through ESG awareness
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105492
Jinguo Li , Youngmi Kim
Sustainable energy infrastructure is vital for addressing global climate challenges, and ESG investing has emerged as a key driver in greening private enterprises. This study examines the impact of ESG investing on private sector energy infrastructure investment in 20 OECD countries from 2010 to 2021 using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Findings reveal that a 1% increase in ESG investment boosts short-term private investment by 0.15% and long-term investment by 0.26%. Conversely, economic risk and consumer price index reduce short-term investment by 0.43% and 0.27%, respectively, with similar long-term effects. Economic growth, human capital, and internet access enhance short-term investment by 0.31%, 0.29% and 0.54%. Long-term analysis shows a 1% increase in past investments leads to a 0.49% rise in future investments. To foster sustainable investment, OECD nations should enhance ESG regulations, standardize reporting, improve human resource management, promote green technology R&D, and raise awareness.
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引用次数: 0
Tracing gendered and classed dimension of formalization of artisanal and small-scale mining efforts in Mozambique
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105507
Blair Rutherford , Doris Buss , João Carlos Colaço
Many formalization of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) policies in Africa emphasize increasing tenure security through mining titles and the mandatory creation of cooperatives. These are promoted as a means of poverty-alleviation, reducing environmental harms, and ensuring community benefits, which could include the empowerment of women. Drawing from research conducted in gold ASM areas in Manica, Mozambique together with analyses of transnational law and policy on miners’ cooperatives and ASM formalization interventions, this paper examines how these efforts have expressed significant gendered and class inequities. It analyses how the authority and control rights of the associations/cooperatives privilege men who are local political or economic leaders, which in one case was widely celebrated as an early and leading example of the benefits of formalization. The result, we find, was reduced access to gold mining livelihoods for women. Our analysis underscores the importance of examining who actually receives control rights in formalization efforts and how these are gendered and classed in practice, rather than assuming the declared collective benefits such as gender empowerment will emerge from them.
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Resources Policy
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