Humidity resistive coating strategy of perovskite film for cost-effective perovskite solar cells

Despite the impressive photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the perovskite layer is susceptible to moisture and prone to degradation in humid atmospheres during the fabrication and operation process. This vulnerability stems from humidity, which is a primary factor contributing to perovskite instability and can disrupt the film growth kinetics, ultimately impacting the morphology of the film and the device's performance. To address this challenge, many researchers have opted to fabricate PSCs inside nitrogen or argon-filled glove boxes to eliminate moisture. However, this approach escalates manufacturing costs and impedes the large-scale production of PSCs. Consequently, efforts have been directed toward fabricating PSCs in high-humidity environments to investigate perovskite crystal growth kinetics, enhance the morphological properties, and bolster the stability of the perovskite film. This review underscores the modifications implemented in perovskite precursor solution and fabrication methods to advance the development of efficient PSCs under humid atmospheres. Additionally, it outlines the challenges associated with realizing the high-humidity fabrication of PSCs for commercialization.