Next Energy最新文献

Experiments on a discretized 3D compound parabolic concentrator with a sensible heat storage

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100224

Casiana Blasius Lwiwa, Ole Jørgen Nydal

A Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) is investigated for capturing and focusing sun rays onto an absorber, for conversion of solar radiation to heat. CPCs are cost-effective as they do not need solar tracking, only requiring tilting of the concentrator at intermediate times during a day. In this study, a 3D CPC with reflecting surfaces is strongly simplified by using only two sets of 4 flat mirrors (upper and lower mirrors) arranged in such a way that they form a quadratic funnel. A cylindrical heat absorber made of aluminum is positioned at the base of the funnel and the system is insulated to reduce the heat losses from the system. The purpose of the heat storage is to accumulate heat at sufficient temperatures for cooking. The idea is that a concentrator can be positioned over the heat storage and be replaced by an insulating cover after the heat storage has been charged. Tests with a CPC system is presented here, with test results in outdoor conditions in Trondheim, Norway during the months of May and June. The heat storage reached temperatures of about 135 °C at solar radiation conditions of 500–700 W/m², higher temperatures are to be expected with improved insulation and at sun conditions closer to equator. Previous separate cooking tests have been successfully demonstrated on a similar cylinder for initial heat storage temperatures of 220 °C. A computational model which was tuned to the 220 °C case showed that even an initial temperature of 140 °C can be sufficient for boiling water although at modest amounts of about 1 l.

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引用次数: 0

Potential uses of perovskite-based photovoltaics for hydrogen production: A pathway to sustainable energy solutions

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100215

Kehinde Temitope Alao , Syed Ihtsham ul Haq Gilani , Taiwo Onaopemipo Alao , Abiola Usman Adebanjo , Oluwaseun Ruth Alara

This review examines the potential of perovskite photovoltaic (PV) cells for clean hydrogen production, a vital component of the global shift toward sustainable energy. Utilizing a systematic review of literature from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, this study provides recent advancements and identifies persistent challenges in the application of perovskite PVs for hydrogen generation. Despite their market dominance, traditional silicon PV cells have limitations that perovskite PVs may overcome. While silicon PV cells achieve efficiencies between 23.3% and 26.7%, lababoratory-scale tandem perovskite PV devices have surpassed this, with efficiencies exceeding 29.8% and a greater potential for future improvement. This efficiency leap positions them as promising candidates for hydrogen production via electrolysis. However, the scalability, stability, and environmental impacts of perovskite PVs necessitate further research in materials science. The review highlights the critical need for advancements in material properties and system integration, as well as supportive policies to foster the adoption of perovskite PVs. Ultimately, the review proposes a strategic framework for optimizing hydrogen production with perovskite-based PV technology, making a significant contribution to the discourse on sustainable hydrogen solutions.

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced electrochemical performance of polycrystalline NCM811 cathode at high voltage through Te-doped LiNbO3 coating for lithium-ion batteries

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100216

Mohamed M. Abdelaal, Mohammad Alkhedher

Ni-rich oxides with layered structures are considered promising cathode materials for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries due to their high capacity and wide potential window. However, they suffer from volume expansion and contraction, as well as Ni reactivity with electrolyte components, leading to structural degradation and continuous lithium consumption during cycling. In this study, a highly electrically and ionically layer of Te-doped LiNbO₃ is coated onto the surface of LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811) to protect the crystal structure from cracks and side reactions with the electrolyte at high voltages (4.3 V vs. Li/Li⁺). Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), are employed to analyze the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the coated materials. Results show that the delivered capacity at 0.1 C increases from 192.9 to 210.8 mAh g⁻¹ and the capacity retention at 0.2 C increases from 79.7 to 89.2% after 100 cycles. Moreover, the diffusion coefficient of the coated NCM is 4.6 × 10⁻¹³ cm² s⁻¹, while that of bare NCM is only 1.5 × 10⁻¹³ cm² s⁻¹ due to the reactivity of the coating layer with lithium. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of cathode materials for next-generation energy storage systems, contributing to the advancement of sustainable and efficient energy technologies.

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引用次数: 0

Influence of phenol-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins on the gasification of high-pressure laminate waste materials 苯酚-甲醛和三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂对高压层压板废料气化的影响

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100213

Francisco Wendell Bezerra Lopes , Fábio Gonçalves Macêdo de Medeiros , Eduardo Lins de Barros Neto , Jean-Michel Lavoie , Bruna Rego de Vasconcelos

The repurposing of industrial solid wastes for sustainable energy production figures as a convenient alternative to decrease the carbon footprint of industrial processes by increasing circularity and reducing the utilization of fossil-based energy vectors. The furniture industry generates significant amounts of carbon-based waste materials, including high-pressure laminates (HPL) that comprise cellulose-based materials treated with thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins. There are currently no energy recovery studies for this type of waste, especially concerning thermochemical conversion. In this work, we proposed to evaluate the potential of HPL wastes for the generation of energy relevant gaseous products (syngas) by gasification, using air and steam as gasifying agents in a downdraft gasifier. The influence of temperature (600–900 °C), equivalence ratio (ER, 0.20–0.30) and the presence of the thermosetting formaldehyde-based resins were evaluated in the composition (H₂ content, H₂/CO ratio) and lower heating value (LHV) of the obtained syngas. The increase in temperature positively influenced the H₂ content in the final gas product, contrarily to the increase in ER. High temperature (900 °C) and low ER (0.20) were found to favor H₂ production (43.8%vol), increase syngas fraction (58.0%vol) and LHV (7.4 MJ/Nm³) of the gas products. The presence of the thermosetting resins contributed to the production of a larger syngas fraction with high H₂ content (62.3%vol, H₂/CO = 2.4). Overall, gasification of HPL wastes was shown to be a promising alternative to the production of hydrogen-rich syngas with potential industrial applications.

将工业固体废物重新用于可持续能源生产，是通过提高循环性和减少使用化石能源载体来减少工业流程碳足迹的一种便捷替代方法。家具行业会产生大量的碳基废料，包括高压层压板（HPL），它由经过热固性苯酚-甲醛和三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂处理的纤维素基材料组成。目前还没有针对这类废物的能源回收研究，尤其是热化学转化方面的研究。在这项工作中，我们建议评估 HPL 废弃物通过气化产生与能源相关的气体产品（合成气）的潜力，在下气流气化器中使用空气和蒸汽作为气化剂。评估了温度（600-900 °C）、等效比（ER，0.20-0.30）和热固性甲醛基树脂的存在对所获合成气的成分（H2 含量、H2/CO 比）和较低热值（LHV）的影响。温度的升高对最终气体产品中的 H2 含量有积极影响，与 ER 的升高相反。高温（900 °C）和低萃取率（0.20）有利于产生 H2（43.8%vol），增加合成气组分（58.0%vol）和气体产品的 LHV（7.4 MJ/Nm3）。热固性树脂的存在有助于产生更多的合成气，其中 H2 含量高（62.3%vol，H2/CO = 2.4）。总之，HPL 废物气化被证明是生产富氢合成气的一种有前途的替代方法，具有潜在的工业应用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Lithium-ion batteries operating at ultrawide temperature range from −90 to +90 °C 锂离子电池可在 -90 至 +90 °C 超宽温度范围内工作

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100214

Jianli Gai , Jirong Yang , Xinghui Wang , Zhicheng Wang , Lingya Qiu , Peng Chen , Hong Li

Enabling the power operating in a wide temperature range is of great significance for next-generation removable devices, and none of the existing batteries met the temperature requirement from ultralow to ultrahigh. Herein, lithium-ion batteries operating in an ultrawide temperature range of −90 to +90 °C were fabricated using a cost-effective method. Electrolytes with weak solvent/Li⁺ interaction, high electrochemical stability, and ultrawide liquid temperature range are key factors for excellent performance. The activation energy can be lower than 0.4 eV at ultralow temperatures. The introduction of butyronitrile in the electrolyte reduces the interaction between solvents and lithium salts on the one hand and broadens the electrochemical window up to more than 5 V. The liquid temperature range of the electrolyte is from nearly −150 °C to more than 100 °C. Surprisingly, the discharging capacity of the batteries at −90 °C can be more than 60% of that at room temperature (RT). The charging capacity at −70 °C can be up to 62% of that at RT. Moreover, the batteries can also operate at +90 °C, and the capacity retention can be more than 85% after 40 cycles. These results reveal a cost-effective method to develop ultrawide temperature range batteries.

对于下一代可移动设备而言，实现在宽温度范围内工作的电源具有重要意义，而现有电池均无法满足从超低温到超高温的温度要求。在此，我们采用一种经济有效的方法制造出了可在 -90 至 +90 °C 超宽温度范围内工作的锂离子电池。具有弱溶剂/Li+相互作用、高电化学稳定性和超宽液体温度范围的电解质是实现优异性能的关键因素。在超低温下，活化能可低于 0.4 eV。在电解液中引入丁腈，一方面可以减少溶剂与锂盐之间的相互作用，另一方面可以将电化学窗口扩大到 5 V 以上。电解液的液态温度范围从近 -150 °C 到超过 100 °C。令人惊讶的是，电池在-90 °C时的放电容量可以达到室温（RT）时的60%以上。零下 70 °C时的充电容量可达室温（RT）时的62%。此外，电池还能在 +90 °C 下工作，循环 40 次后容量保持率可达 85% 以上。这些结果揭示了一种开发超宽温度范围电池的经济有效的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the diffusion of lithium ions to propel sulfur redox for lithium-sulfur batteries 加强锂离子扩散，推动锂硫电池的硫氧化还原作用

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100212

Tingting Hu , Yunyi Chen , Haijian Liu , Lingli Liu , Chunai Dai , Yongsheng Han

Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered one of the most promising energy carriers due to their ultra-high theoretical energy density and low manufacturing cost. However, the limited diffusion of lithium ions at the electrode interface and the slow redox kinetics of the sulfur cathode easily led to frequent shuttle effects, affecting the electrochemical performance of the battery. In this paper, sulfur electrode materials with different structures of one-dimensional carbon as the carrier and MoS₂ as the catalytic active material are designed by exploring the lithium ions diffusion and electrode reaction behaviors on the cathode surface. Among them, it is found that compared with carbon nanofibers and large-diameter carbon nanotubes, small-diameter carbon nanotubes (SD-CNT) have uniform hollow tubular morphology, abundant micropores, mesopores, and specific surface area, which is not only conducive to containing more active substances but also help the lithium ions diffusion inside the electrode material. Better electrochemical performance is obtained by constructing an interface environment that matches the ionic reaction and diffusion processes. It shows that the first discharge capacity of the obtained SD-CNT@MoS₂-S cathode is as high as 1144 mAh g⁻¹. The capacity retention rate reached more than 92.9% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C rate, further proving that SD-CNT@MoS₂-S can promote the diffusion of lithium ions and the redox kinetics of sulfur. This study provides a new strategy for developing lithium-sulfur batteries with high electrochemical performance.

锂硫电池具有超高的理论能量密度和较低的制造成本，被认为是最有前途的能源载体之一。然而，由于锂离子在电极界面的扩散受限以及硫阴极氧化还原动力学缓慢，容易导致频繁的穿梭效应，影响电池的电化学性能。本文通过探索锂离子在阴极表面的扩散和电极反应行为，设计了以一维碳为载体、MoS2为催化活性材料的不同结构的硫电极材料。研究发现，与碳纳米管和大直径碳纳米管相比，小直径碳纳米管（SD-CNT）具有均匀的空心管状形态，丰富的微孔、中孔和比表面积，不仅有利于含有更多的活性物质，而且有利于锂离子在电极材料内部的扩散。通过构建与离子反应和扩散过程相匹配的界面环境，可以获得更好的电化学性能。研究表明，获得的 SD-CNT@MoS2-S 阴极的首次放电容量高达 1144 mAh g-1。在 0.5 C 的速率下循环 100 次后，容量保持率达到 92.9% 以上，进一步证明了 SD-CNT@MoS2-S 能够促进锂离子的扩散和硫的氧化还原动力学。这项研究为开发具有高电化学性能的锂硫电池提供了一种新策略。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of applying phase change materials (PCM) in building facades on reducing energy consumption 在建筑外墙应用相变材料（PCM）对降低能耗的影响

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100210

Houra Nasr Azadani , Amirreza Ardekani

Since fossil fuels are limited and there is an increasing demand for energy consumption, energy conservation and reducing consumption have become significant challenges. Applying phase change materials (PCM) for latent thermal energy storage (TES) systems is an effective method for energy conservation that has been widely considered in recent years. The building facade has the highest capacity for conserving or wasting energy due to its vast exposure to the environment. As a result, a change in attitude toward designing and constructing facades is considered a necessity since it is one of the key elements of building design. One approach to prevent materials from leaching from a structure where PCMs are incorporated is encapsulating and blending them with a suitable polymer. Choosing a PCM with suitable melting temperature, a polymer compatible with this material as a preserver and the best percentage of PCM in the polymer are key components. In this paper, the goal has been investigated through a 2-step process, including experimental and simulation phases. First, the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the PCM in the mixture with poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) for heat protection has been studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurement techniques were employed to study and determine the melting points of the samples and the mixed substructures. The results show that the best percentage for PEG in this research is 60%. In the second phase, to study the effect of polymers carrying the PCMs on the building’s energy consumption, a 5-story building with PCMs applied to its facade was simulated in EnergyPlus software. The annual heating and cooling loads of the building in each situation were then calculated. The results of the simulation and modeling shows that applying the PCMs will ultimately lead to a 40% decrease in heating load and 15% decrease in cooling load of the building.

由于化石燃料有限，而能源消耗需求日益增长，节能降耗已成为重大挑战。将相变材料（PCM）应用于潜热蓄能（TES）系统是近年来被广泛考虑的一种有效节能方法。由于建筑外墙暴露在环境中的面积巨大，因此其节约或浪费能源的能力最强。因此，由于外墙是建筑设计的关键要素之一，因此有必要改变对外墙设计和施工的态度。防止材料从含有 PCM 的结构中渗出的一种方法是将 PCM 与合适的聚合物进行封装和混合。选择具有合适熔化温度的 PCM、与这种材料兼容的聚合物作为防腐剂以及聚合物中 PCM 的最佳比例都是关键要素。本文分两步对这一目标进行了研究，包括实验和模拟阶段。首先，研究了聚乙二醇（PEG）作为 PCM 与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）混合物的热保护效果。采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测量技术研究并确定了样品和混合子结构的熔点。结果表明，本研究中 PEG 的最佳比例为 60%。在第二阶段，为了研究携带 PCM 的聚合物对建筑能耗的影响，我们在 EnergyPlus 软件中模拟了一栋外墙使用 PCM 的 5 层建筑。然后计算了建筑物在各种情况下的年供热和制冷负荷。模拟和建模结果表明，使用 PCMs 最终将使建筑物的供热负荷减少 40%，制冷负荷减少 15%。

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引用次数: 0

Humidity resistive coating strategy of perovskite film for cost-effective perovskite solar cells 高性价比过氧化物太阳能电池用过氧化物薄膜的防潮涂层策略

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100211

Lindong Liu , Helin Wang , Fu Yang

Despite the impressive photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the perovskite layer is susceptible to moisture and prone to degradation in humid atmospheres during the fabrication and operation process. This vulnerability stems from humidity, which is a primary factor contributing to perovskite instability and can disrupt the film growth kinetics, ultimately impacting the morphology of the film and the device's performance. To address this challenge, many researchers have opted to fabricate PSCs inside nitrogen or argon-filled glove boxes to eliminate moisture. However, this approach escalates manufacturing costs and impedes the large-scale production of PSCs. Consequently, efforts have been directed toward fabricating PSCs in high-humidity environments to investigate perovskite crystal growth kinetics, enhance the morphological properties, and bolster the stability of the perovskite film. This review underscores the modifications implemented in perovskite precursor solution and fabrication methods to advance the development of efficient PSCs under humid atmospheres. Additionally, it outlines the challenges associated with realizing the high-humidity fabrication of PSCs for commercialization.

尽管透辉石太阳能电池（PSC）的光伏性能令人印象深刻，但在制造和运行过程中，透辉石层容易受潮，在潮湿的环境中容易降解。这种脆弱性源于湿度，湿度是导致包晶体不稳定的主要因素，会破坏薄膜的生长动力学，最终影响薄膜的形态和设备的性能。为了应对这一挑战，许多研究人员选择在充满氮气或氩气的手套箱内制造 PSC，以消除湿气。然而，这种方法会增加制造成本，阻碍 PSC 的大规模生产。因此，人们开始致力于在高湿度环境中制造 PSC，以研究包晶晶体生长动力学、提高形态特性并增强包晶薄膜的稳定性。本综述强调了为推动潮湿环境下高效 PSC 的开发而对包晶前驱体溶液和制造方法所做的修改。此外，它还概述了与实现高湿度制造 PSCs 商业化相关的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Development of nitrogen and phosphorus dual-doped reduced graphene oxide from waste plastic for supercapacitor applications: Comparative electrochemical performance in different electrolytes 利用废塑料开发氮磷双掺杂还原氧化石墨烯，用于超级电容器：不同电解质中的电化学性能比较

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100209

Kundan Singh Rawat , Chetna Tewari , Tanuja Arya , Young Nam Kim , Prabhat Pant , Satish Sati , Sunil Dhali , Pushpa Bhakuni Negi , Yong Chae Jung , Nanda Gopal Sahoo

The persistent non-biodegradable nature of plastic highlights the urgent need for effective waste management and resource conservation, underscoring the crucial importance of recycling and upcycling within a cradle-to-cradle framework. This research introduces an eco-friendly and straightforward upcycling process for plastic waste, which produces significant quantities of reduced graphene oxide through a carefully designed 2-stage pyrolysis method. To enhance the electrochemical properties of the reduced graphene oxide, they were doped with heteroatoms (i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus) via a hydrothermal route. Also, as the nature of the electrolyte plays a significant role in electrochemical analysis, a comparative evaluation of the supercapacitive performance of the heteroatom-doped reduced graphene oxide was conducted across various aqueous electrolytes, including 1 M H₂SO₄, 6 M KOH, and 2 M KCl, as well as hydrogel polymer electrolytes such as 1 M H₂SO₄/1 M PVA, 2 M KCl/1 M PVA, and 6 M KOH/1 M PVA. Our results demonstrate that synthesized material from waste plastic exhibits excellent performance, particularly when combined with a 1 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte, achieving the highest specific capacitance of 407.6 F/g. In conclusion, this study presents a cost-effective and sustainable approach to promoting a circular economy by repurposing waste plastic for energy storage applications.

塑料的持久不可降解性凸显了对有效废物管理和资源保护的迫切需求，强调了在 "从摇篮到摇篮 "框架内进行回收和升级再循环的重要性。本研究介绍了一种环保、简单的塑料废弃物升级再循环工艺，通过精心设计的两阶段热解方法产生大量还原氧化石墨烯。为了增强还原氧化石墨烯的电化学特性，通过水热法掺杂了杂原子（即氮和磷）。此外，由于电解质的性质在电化学分析中起着重要作用，我们对掺杂杂原子的还原型氧化石墨烯在各种水性电解质（包括 1 M H2SO4、6 M KOH 和 2 M KCl）以及水凝胶聚合物电解质（如 1 M H2SO4/1 M PVA、2 M KCl/1 M PVA 和 6 M KOH/1 M PVA）中的超级电容器性能进行了比较评估。我们的研究结果表明，从废塑料中合成的材料表现出卓越的性能，尤其是与 1 M H2SO4 电解质结合使用时，比电容最高，达到 407.6 F/g。总之，这项研究提出了一种具有成本效益和可持续发展的方法，通过将废塑料重新用于储能应用来促进循环经济。

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引用次数: 0

Calculating the impact of replacing legacy batteries with standardized lithium-ion versions in defense aircraft 计算在国防飞机上用标准化锂离子电池取代传统电池的影响

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100208

Brandon J. Hopkins, Fernando T. Tavares

The U.S. Department of Defense may replace custom legacy batteries with standardized lithium-ion versions to modernize many systems including defense aircraft. Lithium-ion outcompetes legacy batteries such as lead-acid and nickel–cadmium in numerous metrics, and battery standardization simplifies supply chains and logistics and cuts cost by leveraging economies of scale. While many intuit that battery standardization using lithium-ion cells will reduce defense cost, few are able to quantify potential savings. Here, we present a method for creating battery standardization plans for defense aircraft and provide a techno-economic model to calculate the total capital cost associated with each plan. Using these tools, we find strategies that may save $92 M in capital cost, reduce supply-chain complexity by 72%, and cut carbon emissions by 75%. We notably show that different standardization plans can yield dramatically different total capital cost values.

美国国防部可能会用标准化的锂离子电池取代定制的传统电池，以实现包括国防飞机在内的许多系统的现代化。锂离子电池在许多指标上都优于铅酸电池和镍镉电池等传统电池，而且电池标准化可简化供应链和物流，并通过利用规模经济降低成本。虽然许多人都认为使用锂离子电池的电池标准化将降低国防成本，但很少有人能量化潜在的节约。在此，我们提出了一种为国防飞机制定电池标准化计划的方法，并提供了一个技术经济模型，用于计算与每个计划相关的总资本成本。利用这些工具，我们找到了可节省 9200 万美元资本成本、将供应链复杂性降低 72% 并将碳排放量减少 75% 的策略。值得注意的是，我们发现不同的标准化计划会产生截然不同的总资本成本值。

引用次数: 0