Can an increase in nursing care complexity raise the risk of intra-hospital and intensive care unit transfers in children? A retrospective observational study

Introduction

Intra-hospital patient transfers (IPTs) and transfers to intensive care units (ICUs) are high-risk events in pediatric care. Nursing care complexity, reflected by nursing diagnoses (NDs) and nursing actions (NAs), may influence the frequency of these transfers. This study explores the association between nursing care complexity and IPTs, including ICU transfers, in hospitalized children.

Materials and methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care university hospital in Italy. Data from 1013 children aged 2 to 12 years were collected from electronic health records. Sociodemographic, clinical, and nursing data, including NDs and NAs, were analyzed. Latent Class Analysis classified nursing care complexity, while backward elimination regression and binary logistic regression identified predictors of IPTs and ICU transfers.

Results

Significant positive correlations were found between IPTs and both NDs (r_s = 0.326, p < 0.001) and NAs (r_s = 0.428, p < 0.001). Key predictors of IPTs included Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) weight, total comorbidities, surgical DRG, the number of medications used, and high nursing care complexity. ICU-transferred patients had significantly higher nursing care complexity (6.54 vs. 3.46 NDs, p < 0.001; 31 vs. 16 NAs, p < 0.001). High nursing care complexity increased the likelihood of ICU transfer by 18 times (OR = 18.413, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Nursing care complexity strongly influences IPTs and ICU transfers. Close monitoring of patients with high nursing care complexity is essential to anticipate transfers and reduce clinical risks.