Unfitted finite element method for the quad-curl interface problem

In this paper, we introduce a novel unfitted finite element method to solve the quad-curl interface problem. We adapt Nitsche’s method for \({\operatorname {curl}}{\operatorname {curl}}\)-conforming elements and double the degrees of freedom on interface elements. To ensure stability, we incorporate ghost penalty terms and a discrete divergence-free term. We establish the well-posedness of our method and demonstrate an optimal error bound in the discrete energy norm. We also analyze the stiffness matrix’s condition number. Our numerical tests back up our theory on convergence rates and condition numbers.