Self-face processing in relation to self-referential tasks in 24-month-old infants: A study through eye movements and pupillometry measures.

The aim of the current study was to investigate visual scan patterns for the self-face in infants with the ability to recognize themselves with a photograph. 24-month-old infants (N = 32) were presented with faces including the self-face in the upright or inverted orientation. We also measured infants' ability to recognize oneself in a mirror and with a photograph. Results showed that only in trials with the self-face was pupil dilation greater in the upright orientation than in the inverted orientation, and that eye movements and pupil dilation were not associated with PSR tasks. Our findings suggest that the processing of the self-face was processed in a manner similar to that of others, with longer and more fixations on eyes and nose, but infants allocated more attentional resources to processing upright self-face. Self-face processing in infancy may be independent of the understanding of the self beyond the here and now.