描述现场测量的N2O排放最相关的土壤结构参数是什么?

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE Geoderma Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117155
Emile Maillet , Agnès Grossel , Isabelle Cousin , Laurent Arbaret , Lionel Cottenot , Marine Lacoste
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引用次数: 0

摘要

土壤中的氧化亚氮(N2O)排放部分受土壤中的通气性和气体转移控制,因此受土壤结构控制。N2O排放强度通常用填水孔隙空间(WFPS)表示,用土壤容重计算。这些因素,即使它们描述了土壤结构和孔隙网络中的水分比例,也不能说明尺度之间的孔隙网络特征及其连通性。因此,这项工作的目的是确定(1)在快照运动期间,农业土壤的土壤结构在多大程度上控制了N2O排放;(2)哪种气体转移或土壤结构度量最适合描述田间尺度上的N2O排放变异性。在不同的土壤结构下,采用不同的土壤管理措施,在玉米作物施肥后,用一个移动室测量了N2O的排放,这些土壤管理措施导致了四种土壤状态(条带耕作与耕作,夯实土壤与未夯实土壤)。在N2O排放梯度较大的24个样地取样土壤柱状土和散装土。测量了土壤的典型理化性质,包括土壤容重和充水孔隙空间。土壤结构也通过x射线断层扫描在中观和宏观尺度上定量表征,并通过气体传递参数间接表征。土壤结构、土壤温度和硝态氮浓度在低排放区和高排放区存在明显差异。然而,土壤结构与N2O排放的相关性更强,土壤结构指标的一些阈值与区分N2O高通量和低通量有关。在两个尺度上的一些结构指标(如孔隙度、表面密度)和气体传递参数(相对气体扩散率、透气性)都能很好地描述观测到的N2O通量。然而,气体传输参数可以在短时间内轻松测量,而从3D图像确定的土壤结构指标需要采集和处理阶段,这可能很耗时。从一个简单的测量中评估现场N2O通量势的一个很好的折衷方法是评估相对气体扩散率,它直接控制氧气在土壤中的扩散,从而控制N2O生产的微生物过程。
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What is the most relevant soil structure parameter to describe field-measured N2O emissions?
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soil are partly controlled by aeration and gas transfer in soil, and thus by soil structure. The intensity of N2O emissions is usually expressed according to the water filled pore space (WFPS), calculated using the soil bulk density. These factors, even if they describe the soil structure and the water proportion in the porous network, do not inform about porous network characteristics among scales and their connectivity. The aim of this work was therefore to determine (1) to what extent the soil structure of an agricultural soil controlled N2O emissions during a snap-shot campaign and (2) which metric of gas transfer or soil structure was the most appropriate to describe the N2O emission variability at field scale. N2O emissions were measured with a mobile chamber on a maize crop after fertilization with several soil management practices resulting in four soil states (strip-till versus tillage, compacted soil versus uncompacted) with contrasting soil structure. Soil cylinders and bulk soil were sampled from 24 plots exhibiting a strong gradient in N2O emissions. Classical soil physical and chemical properties were measured, including soil bulk density and water filled pore space. Soil structure also was characterized quantitatively by X-ray tomography at meso and macro scales, and indirectly by gas transfer parameters. Clear differences were observed between low and high emission plots in terms of soil structure, soil temperature and nitrate concentration. However, soil structure appeared more strongly connected to N2O emissions, and some thresholds on soil structural indicators were relevant to disentangle high and low N2O fluxes. Some structural indicators at both scales (e.g. porosity, surface density) and gas transfer parameters (relative gas diffusivity, air permeability) were good descriptors of the observed N2O fluxes. Nevertheless, the gas transfer parameters can be easily measured over a short period of time, whereas the soil structure indicators determined from 3D images require an acquisition and a processing phase that can be time consuming. A good compromise to evaluate the field N2O flux potential from an easy measure would be to evaluate the relative gas diffusivity, which directly controls the diffusion of oxygen in soil and thereby the microbial processes of N2O production.
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来源期刊
Geoderma
Geoderma 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
11.80
自引率
6.60%
发文量
597
审稿时长
58 days
期刊介绍: Geoderma - the global journal of soil science - welcomes authors, readers and soil research from all parts of the world, encourages worldwide soil studies, and embraces all aspects of soil science and its associated pedagogy. The journal particularly welcomes interdisciplinary work focusing on dynamic soil processes and functions across space and time.
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