Michelle G Hawkins, Edith Blair, M Kevin Keel, Molly D Horgan, Terra R Kelly, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Brittany A Seibert, Tanja S Zabka, Linda J Lowenstine, Tracy Drazenovich, Roger A Nilsen, Samantha Barnum, Branson W Ritchie
{"title":"一所大学兽医教学医院出现的自由放养猛禽衣原体感染（1993-2022）。","authors":"Michelle G Hawkins, Edith Blair, M Kevin Keel, Molly D Horgan, Terra R Kelly, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Brittany A Seibert, Tanja S Zabka, Linda J Lowenstine, Tracy Drazenovich, Roger A Nilsen, Samantha Barnum, Branson W Ritchie","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0277","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the prevalence, clinical findings, lesions, and risk factors associated with chlamydial infections in free-ranging raptors presented to a university veterinary medical teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records retrospectively searched for raptors admitted from January 1993 through April 2022 were tested for Chlamydia spp infections using quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry, culture, and sequencing. Findings were collected and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association between Chlamydia spp infection status and risk factors, including age class, species, sex, and season of admission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence for cases that tested positive for Chlamydia spp on 1 or more diagnostic tests, including mucosal qPCR samples for Chlamydia spp, tissue PCR for C buteonis, and mucosal qPCR genotyped as C buteonis, was 1.9% (74 of 3,983). All positive cases were from the genus Buteo (n = 74). Juvenile birds and winter season had higher odds of infection. All birds were in poor body condition (n = 74), often with moderate-to-severe CBC and biochemistry abnormalities consistent with multiorgan chronic inflammatory disease, emaciation, and dehydration. On postmortem examination of Chlamydia-positive birds (58 of 74), hepatitis (44 of 56), nephritis (24 of 39), splenitis (22 of 53), airsacculitis (21 of 43), myocarditis (21 of 39), and pneumonia (21 of 38) were common lesions, with intracellular bacteria in multiple tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Signalment, season of admission, clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, and Chlamydia-specific testing identified chlamydial infections in free-ranging raptors. Appropriate protections to prevent potential zoonotic transmission in clinical wildlife rehabilitation settings are recommended.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Many clinical parameters used to identify C psittaci infection in parrots can also be used to identify chlamydial infections in raptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Chlamydial infections in free-ranging raptors presenting to a university veterinary medical teaching hospital (1993-2022).\",\"authors\":\"Michelle G Hawkins, Edith Blair, M Kevin Keel, Molly D Horgan, Terra R Kelly, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Brittany A Seibert, Tanja S Zabka, Linda J Lowenstine, Tracy Drazenovich, Roger A Nilsen, Samantha Barnum, Branson W Ritchie\",\"doi\":\"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0277\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the prevalence, clinical findings, lesions, and risk factors associated with chlamydial infections in free-ranging raptors presented to a university veterinary medical teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records retrospectively searched for raptors admitted from January 1993 through April 2022 were tested for Chlamydia spp infections using quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry, culture, and sequencing. Findings were collected and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association between Chlamydia spp infection status and risk factors, including age class, species, sex, and season of admission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence for cases that tested positive for Chlamydia spp on 1 or more diagnostic tests, including mucosal qPCR samples for Chlamydia spp, tissue PCR for C buteonis, and mucosal qPCR genotyped as C buteonis, was 1.9% (74 of 3,983). All positive cases were from the genus Buteo (n = 74). Juvenile birds and winter season had higher odds of infection. All birds were in poor body condition (n = 74), often with moderate-to-severe CBC and biochemistry abnormalities consistent with multiorgan chronic inflammatory disease, emaciation, and dehydration. On postmortem examination of Chlamydia-positive birds (58 of 74), hepatitis (44 of 56), nephritis (24 of 39), splenitis (22 of 53), airsacculitis (21 of 43), myocarditis (21 of 39), and pneumonia (21 of 38) were common lesions, with intracellular bacteria in multiple tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Signalment, season of admission, clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, and Chlamydia-specific testing identified chlamydial infections in free-ranging raptors. Appropriate protections to prevent potential zoonotic transmission in clinical wildlife rehabilitation settings are recommended.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Many clinical parameters used to identify C psittaci infection in parrots can also be used to identify chlamydial infections in raptors.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7754,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American journal of veterinary research\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1-10\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American journal of veterinary research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0277\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American journal of veterinary research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0277","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Chlamydial infections in free-ranging raptors presenting to a university veterinary medical teaching hospital (1993-2022).
Objective: To describe the prevalence, clinical findings, lesions, and risk factors associated with chlamydial infections in free-ranging raptors presented to a university veterinary medical teaching hospital.
Methods: Medical records retrospectively searched for raptors admitted from January 1993 through April 2022 were tested for Chlamydia spp infections using quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry, culture, and sequencing. Findings were collected and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association between Chlamydia spp infection status and risk factors, including age class, species, sex, and season of admission.
Results: The prevalence for cases that tested positive for Chlamydia spp on 1 or more diagnostic tests, including mucosal qPCR samples for Chlamydia spp, tissue PCR for C buteonis, and mucosal qPCR genotyped as C buteonis, was 1.9% (74 of 3,983). All positive cases were from the genus Buteo (n = 74). Juvenile birds and winter season had higher odds of infection. All birds were in poor body condition (n = 74), often with moderate-to-severe CBC and biochemistry abnormalities consistent with multiorgan chronic inflammatory disease, emaciation, and dehydration. On postmortem examination of Chlamydia-positive birds (58 of 74), hepatitis (44 of 56), nephritis (24 of 39), splenitis (22 of 53), airsacculitis (21 of 43), myocarditis (21 of 39), and pneumonia (21 of 38) were common lesions, with intracellular bacteria in multiple tissues.
Conclusions: Signalment, season of admission, clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, and Chlamydia-specific testing identified chlamydial infections in free-ranging raptors. Appropriate protections to prevent potential zoonotic transmission in clinical wildlife rehabilitation settings are recommended.
Clinical relevance: Many clinical parameters used to identify C psittaci infection in parrots can also be used to identify chlamydial infections in raptors.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Veterinary Research supports the collaborative exchange of information between researchers and clinicians by publishing novel research findings that bridge the gulf between basic research and clinical practice or that help to translate laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and clinical practice. The journal welcomes submission of high-quality original studies and review articles in a wide range of scientific fields, including anatomy, anesthesiology, animal welfare, behavior, epidemiology, genetics, heredity, infectious disease, molecular biology, oncology, pharmacology, pathogenic mechanisms, physiology, surgery, theriogenology, toxicology, and vaccinology. Species of interest include production animals, companion animals, equids, exotic animals, birds, reptiles, and wild and marine animals. Reports of laboratory animal studies and studies involving the use of animals as experimental models of human diseases are considered only when the study results are of demonstrable benefit to the species used in the research or to another species of veterinary interest. Other fields of interest or animals species are not necessarily excluded from consideration, but such reports must focus on novel research findings. Submitted papers must make an original and substantial contribution to the veterinary medicine knowledge base; preliminary studies are not appropriate.
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