Future Directions in Understanding Acute and Chronic Effects of Mental Fatigue in Sports: A Commentary on Bridging Laboratory Findings and Real-World Applications.

Background: Mental fatigue (MF) is a psychobiological state that could negatively impact physical and cognitive performance, although the extent of this impact remains controversial. While laboratory studies have provided valuable insights into the acute effects of MF, their ecological validity in real-world sport settings remains limited. Recent research indicates that MF can naturally arise during sport activities, leading to chronic effects on endurance and perceptual-cognitive skills. These effects may persist beyond individual sessions, potentially increasing the risk of injury due to their cumulative nature.

Purpose: This commentary aims to guide future research by emphasizing the need to investigate the natural occurrence and chronic effects of MF in applied sport settings.

Conclusions: Understanding how MF develops and manifests in real-world settings, particularly individual differences in perception and response, is crucial for creating more effective management strategies. Addressing these factors will enable better support for athletes who may experience prolonged periods of MF that could affect their training and competitive performance. Future research should prioritize studying MF in natural sport settings to enhance the ecological validity of findings. By focusing on the chronic and cumulative nature of MF, as well as individual variability, researchers can develop more tailored and effective strategies for managing MF. This research will not only bridge the gap between laboratory studies and real-world applications but also contribute to more precise monitoring and intervention techniques. Ultimately, these advancements will improve athletes' ability to maintain peak performance and reduce the risk of injury, thereby enhancing overall athletic well-being.