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Comparative Effects of the Free Weights and Smith Machine Squat and Bench Press: The Important Role of Specificity for Strength Adaptations. 自由重量和史密斯机深蹲和卧推的比较效果:特异性对力量适应的重要作用。
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-31 Print Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0274
Daniel Marcos-Frutos, Sergio Miras-Moreno, Gonzalo Márquez, Amador García-Ramos

Purpose: Although previous studies have compared strength-training adaptations between free weights (FW) and machine-guided exercises, those studies did not use a Smith machine (SM), which most closely replicates the exercises performed with FW. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the chronic effects of strength-focused, velocity-based training regimens using FW versus SM.

Methods: Thirty-seven sport-science students (14 female) were assigned, balanced by sex and relative strength, to either an FW or SM training group. The training program lasted 8 weeks (2 sessions/wk), and participants performed 4 sets per exercise (back squat and bench press) at 70% of their 1-repetition maximum with moderate effort levels (20%-25% velocity loss). Load-velocity profile parameters (load-axis intercept, velocity-axis intercept, and area under the load-velocity relationship line), cross-sectional areas of the vastus lateralis and pectoralis major muscles, and the number of repetitions to failure in the bench-press exercise were assessed before and after the training program. Mechanical variables were assessed using both FW and SM.

Results: All variables, with the exception of back-squat velocity-axis intercept (P = .124), improved in both training groups. The changes in load-axis intercept and area under the load-velocity relationship line were more pronounced when the training and testing conditions matched. Failure in the bench-press exercise and cross-sectional areas of the vastus lateralis and pectoralis major showed comparable improvements for both training groups, while velocity-axis intercept tended to improve more in the SM group.

Conclusions: The general population, unconcerned with the specificity of strength adaptations, can choose a training modality (FW or SM) based on personal preferences.

目的:虽然以前的研究比较了自由重量训练(FW)和机器指导训练之间的力量训练适应性,但这些研究并没有使用史密斯机器(SM),而史密斯机器最接近地复制了用FW进行的训练。因此,本研究的目的是研究以力量为中心,以速度为基础的训练方案,使用FW和SM的慢性效果。方法:37名体育科学学生(14名女生)被分配到FW或SM训练组,按性别和相对力量平衡。训练计划持续8周(2次/周),参与者每次训练4组(后蹲和卧推),以他们最大重复次数的70%进行,适度的努力水平(20%-25%的速度损失)。负荷-速度剖面参数(负荷-轴截距、速度-轴截距和负荷-速度关系线下的面积)、股外侧肌和胸大肌的横截面积以及卧推训练中失败的重复次数被评估在训练计划前后。采用FW和SM评估力学变量。结果:除后蹲速度轴截距(P = .124)外,所有变量在两个训练组中均有改善。当训练条件和测试条件相匹配时,载荷轴截距和载荷-速度关系线下面积的变化更为明显。卧推训练失败以及股外侧肌和胸大肌的横截面积在两个训练组中都有类似的改善,而速度轴截距在SM组中有更多的改善。结论:一般人群可以根据个人喜好选择训练方式(FW或SM),而不关心力量适应的特异性。
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引用次数: 0
Hip Adduction and Abduction Strength Reference Values of Gaelic Football and Rugby Union Players: A Cross-Sectional Study. 盖尔足球和橄榄球联盟球员髋内收外展力量参考值:一项横断面研究。
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-31 Print Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0116
Ciaran O'Connor, Martin McIntyre, Eamonn Delahunt, Kristian Thorborg

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to report isometric hip adduction and abduction strength reference values of men's and women's Gaelic football and rugby union players and compare values between sexes and between sports.

Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study consisted of 331 club-level athletes. Maximum isometric hip adduction squeeze and abduction press strength values were measured with a ForceFrame across several testing positions.

Results: Hip adduction squeeze and abduction press strength reference values for men's and women's Gaelic and rugby union footballers were provided with mean and 1 SD. A 2-way analysis of variance demonstrated significant sport × sex interaction main effects for hip adduction squeeze (η2 = .159-.228), abduction press (η2 = .099-.144), and adduction:abduction ratio (η2 = .120). Men demonstrated significantly greater relative (Newtons per kilogram) maximum isometric hip adduction squeeze (15.5%-26.4%, 0.48-1.00 N/kg) and hip abduction press (9.6%-19.6%, 0.20-0.67 N/kg) strength across all testing positions when compared with women of the same sport. Male Gaelic football players demonstrated significantly greater hip adduction (8.7%-14.0%, 0.30-0.52 N/kg) and abduction (6.1%-8.6%, 0.16-0.31 N/kg) strength (Newtons per kilogram) than their rugby counterparts, while no significant between-sports differences in strength were observed between female athletes.

Conclusion: Reference values are provided with mean and 1 SD. Sport and sex interaction had significant main effects for hip adduction, abduction, and adduction:abduction ratio, with medium to large effect sizes. Male athletes demonstrate significantly greater hip strength than female athletes of the same sport, and male Gaelic players demonstrate greater hip strength than male rugby players.

目的:本研究的目的是报告男性和女性盖尔足球和橄榄球联盟球员髋内收和外展力量的参考值,并比较性别和运动之间的值。方法:横断面队列研究包括331名俱乐部级运动员。在多个测试位置,使用ForceFrame测量髋内收挤压和外展按压的最大等距强度值。结果:男女盖尔和橄榄球联盟运动员髋内收挤压和髋外展按压力量参考值均为均值和1sd。双向方差分析显示,运动×性别交互作用对髋关节内收挤压(η2 = 0.159 - 0.228)、外展压迫(η2 = 0.099 - 0.144)和内收:外展比(η2 = 0.120)有显著的主要影响。与女性相比,男性在所有测试体位中表现出更大的相对(牛顿/公斤)最大髋关节内收挤压(15.5%-26.4%,0.48-1.00 N/kg)和髋关节外展按压(9.6%-19.6%,0.20-0.67 N/kg)力量。男性盖尔足球运动员的髋关节内收(8.7%-14.0%,0.30-0.52 N/kg)和外展(6.1%-8.6%,0.16-0.31 N/kg)力量(牛顿/kg)明显高于橄榄球运动员,而女性运动员之间的力量没有明显的运动差异。结论:参考值具有平均值和1sd。运动和性互动对髋关节内收、外展和内收:外展比有显著的主要影响,有中等到较大的影响。在同一项运动中,男性运动员比女性运动员表现出更大的臀部力量,男性盖尔运动员比男性橄榄球运动员表现出更大的臀部力量。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Advanced-Footwear-Technology Spikes on Middle- and Long-Distance Running Performance Measures in Trained Runners.
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0377
Víctor Rodrigo-Carranza, Violeta Muñoz de la Cruz, Wouter Hoogkamer

Purpose: Two new designs of track spikes have recently emerged: spikes with a compliant and resilient midsole foam (eg, polyether block amide [PEBA]) and spikes that combine such modern foam with a carbon fiber plate. We evaluated the effect of these different spikes on running performance measures for middle- and long-distance track events in trained runners.

Methods: Fourteen females on a single visit performed six 200-m trials at a self-perceived 800-m race pace in 3 different spike conditions (Control, PEBA, and PEBA + Plate), twice in a mirrored order. Sixteen males completed 4 visits. During each of the first 3 visits, they performed six 200-m trials at a self-perceived 800-m race pace, twice in each condition, followed by a 3000-m time trial in 1 of the 3 spike conditions. During visit 4, participants completed six 4-minute running-economy trials at 5 m/s, twice in each condition.

Results: At the 800-m race pace, females ran faster in PEBA (2.1%) and PEBA + Plate (2.0%) compared with Control. Males ran faster in PEBA (1.4%) and PEBA + Plate (2.4%) compared with Control and in PEBA + Plate compared with PEBA (1.1%). Similarly, males ran the 3000-m time trial faster in PEBA (1.0%) and PEBA + Plate (2.4%) than in Control. Running economy was better in PEBA (5.1%) and PEBA + Plate (4.0%) than in Control.

Conclusions: Compared with traditional spiked shoes, shoes with PEBA foam (both with and without a plate) enhanced distance-running performance measures by 1% to 2% in females and males, with greater benefits in the PEBA + Plate condition in males.

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引用次数: 0
Effects of Moderate- Versus Mixed-Intensity Rowing Training on Physiological Responses and Performance in Highly Trained Adolescent Rowers: A Pilot Study.
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0133
Marco Panascì, Simone Di Gennaro, Vittoria Ferrando, Ambra Bisio, Luca Filipas, Piero Ruggeri, Emanuela Faelli

Purpose: In rowing, the effectiveness of adding high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) within the weekly training program on physiological adaptations and performance is still unclear. This study compared the effects of HIIT plus MICT (MIXED) versus MICT alone on physiological/metabolic responses and performance in adolescents.

Methods: Twelve highly trained adolescent rowers (age: 15.7 [0.5] y) were divided into 2 groups: MIXED and MICT. Before and after a 7-week intervention period, rowers underwent an incremental step test to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), power at VO2peak (WVO2peak), power corresponding to a lactate concentration of 2 and 4 mmol·L-1, power output at lactate threshold, oxygen uptake at the second lactate threshold (VO2LT), and peak oxygen pulse. Training load from TRIMP was also measured. The training intervention consisted of 7 sessions per week including 2 "off-water," 3 "on-water," and 2 resistance-training sessions. The "on-water" and resistance-training sessions were the same for both groups, while during "off-water" sessions, the MIXED group performed HIIT (4 × 4 min at 85% WVO2peak) and the MICT group performed moderate-intensity training (80 min at 70% WVO2peak).

Results: Statistical analysis showed that in the MIXED group, VO2LT was significantly increased and training load from TRIMP was significantly reduced (P < .00001) compared with the MICT group (P = .008). Both groups similarly improved VO2peak, peak oxygen pulse, WVO2peak, power output at lactate threshold, and power corresponding to a lactate concentration of 2 and 4 mmol·L-1.

Conclusions: Our findings showed that, in adolescent rowers, MIXED training enhanced VO2LT, thus indicating HIIT as a valid and time-efficient addition to traditional MICT. However, given that adolescents were examined, data should be interpreted with caution, as training and/or growth/maturation may have contributed to performance changes.

目的:在赛艇运动中,在每周训练计划中加入高强度间歇训练(HIIT)和中等强度持续训练(MICT)对生理适应和成绩的影响尚不明确。本研究比较了 HIIT 加 MICT(MIXED)与单纯 MICT 对青少年生理/代谢反应和成绩的影响:将 12 名训练有素的青少年赛艇运动员(年龄:15.7 [0.5] 岁)分为两组:MIXED组和MICT组。在为期 7 周的干预期之前和之后,赛艇运动员接受了增量台阶测试,以测定峰值摄氧量(VO2peak)、VO2peak 时的功率(WVO2peak)、乳酸浓度为 2 和 4 mmol-L-1 时的功率、乳酸阈值时的功率输出、第二乳酸阈值时的摄氧量(VO2LT)和峰值氧脉搏。此外,还测量了 TRIMP 的训练负荷。训练干预包括每周 7 节课,其中 2 节 "水外 "课、3 节 "水上 "课和 2 节阻力训练课。两组的 "水上 "训练和阻力训练课程相同,而在 "水下 "训练期间,MIXED 组进行 HIIT(4 × 4 分钟,85% WVO2peak),MICT 组进行中等强度训练(80 分钟,70% WVO2peak):统计分析显示,与 MICT 组(P = .008)相比,MIXED 组的 VO2LT 显著增加,TRIMP 的训练负荷显著减少(P < .00001)。两组都同样提高了 VO2 峰值、峰值氧脉搏、WVO2 峰值、乳酸阈值输出功率以及乳酸浓度为 2 和 4 mmol-L-1 时的相应功率:我们的研究结果表明,在青少年赛艇运动员中,MIXED 训练提高了 VO2LT,从而表明 HIIT 是对传统 MICT 有效且省时的补充。然而,鉴于研究对象是青少年,因此在解释数据时应谨慎,因为训练和/或生长/成熟可能会导致成绩变化。
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引用次数: 0
Randall Foils Versus Big Blades: Comparative Analysis in On-Water Sprint Rowing.
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0515
Ricardo Cardoso, Manoel Rios, Filipa Cardoso, Segan Bouicher, J Arturo Abraldes, Beatriz B Gomes, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Ricardo J Fernandes

Purpose: We evaluated the technical and energetical impact of using Randall foils versus simple Big blades during a maximum rowing effort in field conditions.

Methods: Fourteen experienced rowers (12 male and 2 female) 26 (9) versus 25 (9) years of age, 179.8 (4.3) versus 175.0 (2.8) cm in height, and 74.2 (4.8) versus 65.5 (6.2) kg of body mass (for males and females, respectively) performed 2 maximal 500-m on-water bouts (1 each using Randall foils and simple Big blades in a randomized order). Performance and physiological variables were continuously measured along the efforts, with the latter being also recorded during the baseline and recovery periods.

Results: Rowing time was shorter using Randall foils when compared with simple Big blades (107.59 [5.53] vs 108.96 [5.44] s), while cycle rate (39.73 [2.56] vs 39.71 [2.24] cycle·min-1), peak oxygen uptake (63.47 [9.96] vs 62.68 [9.65] mL·kg-1·min-1), mean oxygen uptake (4.15 [0.77] vs 4.12 [0.78] L·min-1), respiratory frequency (62.44 [9.22] vs 62.17 [11.22] beats·min-1), peak heart rate (178 [11] vs 180 [9] beats·min-1], peak blood lactate concentration (14.26 [3.52] vs 13.76 [4.02] mmol · L-1), and rating of perceived effort (17 [1.43] vs 17 [1]) were similar in both experimental conditions. Furthermore, it was observed that the aerobic pathway represented ∼50% of the total energy spent in the 500-m sprint independently of the blades used.

Conclusions: Data suggest that the use of Randall foils enhances rowing performance without compromising rowers' mechanical and metabolic functions.

{"title":"Randall Foils Versus Big Blades: Comparative Analysis in On-Water Sprint Rowing.","authors":"Ricardo Cardoso, Manoel Rios, Filipa Cardoso, Segan Bouicher, J Arturo Abraldes, Beatriz B Gomes, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Ricardo J Fernandes","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We evaluated the technical and energetical impact of using Randall foils versus simple Big blades during a maximum rowing effort in field conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen experienced rowers (12 male and 2 female) 26 (9) versus 25 (9) years of age, 179.8 (4.3) versus 175.0 (2.8) cm in height, and 74.2 (4.8) versus 65.5 (6.2) kg of body mass (for males and females, respectively) performed 2 maximal 500-m on-water bouts (1 each using Randall foils and simple Big blades in a randomized order). Performance and physiological variables were continuously measured along the efforts, with the latter being also recorded during the baseline and recovery periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rowing time was shorter using Randall foils when compared with simple Big blades (107.59 [5.53] vs 108.96 [5.44] s), while cycle rate (39.73 [2.56] vs 39.71 [2.24] cycle·min-1), peak oxygen uptake (63.47 [9.96] vs 62.68 [9.65] mL·kg-1·min-1), mean oxygen uptake (4.15 [0.77] vs 4.12 [0.78] L·min-1), respiratory frequency (62.44 [9.22] vs 62.17 [11.22] beats·min-1), peak heart rate (178 [11] vs 180 [9] beats·min-1], peak blood lactate concentration (14.26 [3.52] vs 13.76 [4.02] mmol · L-1), and rating of perceived effort (17 [1.43] vs 17 [1]) were similar in both experimental conditions. Furthermore, it was observed that the aerobic pathway represented ∼50% of the total energy spent in the 500-m sprint independently of the blades used.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Data suggest that the use of Randall foils enhances rowing performance without compromising rowers' mechanical and metabolic functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Verbal Feedback Is the Primary Mechanism for Performance-Related Review in Professional English Male Soccer: A Quantitative Exploration.
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0300
Tom Page, Zoe Knowles, Matt Green, Barry Drust, Matthew Andrew

Purpose: Feedback is information that is provided to aid reflection and learning and enhance future performances. Due to the increased demands of professional soccer and governance around staffing structures, the number of stakeholders delivering and receiving feedback has grown over the past 2 decades. The aim of the present study was to explore the feedback strategies used in professional men's soccer in England.

Methods: One hundred thirty-nine respondents comprising coaches (n = 34), players (n = 39), and performance staff (n = 66) from the English Premier League and football leagues completed an online survey. The survey included 19 questions on giving and receiving feedback.

Results: Daily verbal interactions such as conversations and informal chats were the primary source of feedback and were highly prevalent between the 3 groups (59%-80%). Feedback was delivered frequently (daily/weekly) by all stakeholders at regular time points (before, during, and after training and matches), with >75% of coaches reporting giving feedback at all time points. Two-way feedback was also prevalent, with >76% of participants delivering or receiving feedback 2 ways.

Conclusions: The data highlighted the importance of verbal communication within the process of optimizing professional soccer players' development and performance. Professional soccer clubs should focus on interpersonal and intrapersonal skill development and an approach that facilitates positive interactions between staff and players within the optimal environment (ie, time and space). We recommend further exploration of stakeholders' perceptions and effectiveness of feedback in influencing decision making and informing behavior change.

{"title":"Verbal Feedback Is the Primary Mechanism for Performance-Related Review in Professional English Male Soccer: A Quantitative Exploration.","authors":"Tom Page, Zoe Knowles, Matt Green, Barry Drust, Matthew Andrew","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Feedback is information that is provided to aid reflection and learning and enhance future performances. Due to the increased demands of professional soccer and governance around staffing structures, the number of stakeholders delivering and receiving feedback has grown over the past 2 decades. The aim of the present study was to explore the feedback strategies used in professional men's soccer in England.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred thirty-nine respondents comprising coaches (n = 34), players (n = 39), and performance staff (n = 66) from the English Premier League and football leagues completed an online survey. The survey included 19 questions on giving and receiving feedback.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Daily verbal interactions such as conversations and informal chats were the primary source of feedback and were highly prevalent between the 3 groups (59%-80%). Feedback was delivered frequently (daily/weekly) by all stakeholders at regular time points (before, during, and after training and matches), with >75% of coaches reporting giving feedback at all time points. Two-way feedback was also prevalent, with >76% of participants delivering or receiving feedback 2 ways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data highlighted the importance of verbal communication within the process of optimizing professional soccer players' development and performance. Professional soccer clubs should focus on interpersonal and intrapersonal skill development and an approach that facilitates positive interactions between staff and players within the optimal environment (ie, time and space). We recommend further exploration of stakeholders' perceptions and effectiveness of feedback in influencing decision making and informing behavior change.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Relationships Between Training-Load Models in 3 × 3 Basketball Games.
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0452
Pierpaolo Sansone, Antonio Tessitore, Bojan Makivić, Davide Ferioli, Daniele Conte

Purpose: To quantify the relationship between load models during official games of the novel 3 × 3 basketball sport.

Methods: Forty-one adult male players were monitored across three 3 × 3 basketball official tournaments. Players wore Firstbeat Sports microsensors to quantify external (Movement Load) and internal physiological (summated-heart-rate-zones [SHRZ]) loads. Additionally, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scores were obtained after each game to calculate session RPE (sRPE) loads as internal perceived load. Repeated-measures correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationships between Movement Load and internal loads (SHRZ and sRPE), and between SHRZ and sRPE.

Results: External load (Movement Load) and internal physiological load (SHRZ) had a very large correlation (r = .76, P < .001). External load was also largely correlated with internal perceived load (sRPE; r = .57, P < .001). The correlation between SHRZ and sRPE was moderate (r = .47, P < .001).

Conclusion: During 3 × 3 basketball games, large to very large relationships exist between external- and internal-load variables. This information allows practitioners to anticipate internal responses of players to games based on the external load imposed, thus optimizing training-load prescription strategies.

{"title":"The Relationships Between Training-Load Models in 3 × 3 Basketball Games.","authors":"Pierpaolo Sansone, Antonio Tessitore, Bojan Makivić, Davide Ferioli, Daniele Conte","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To quantify the relationship between load models during official games of the novel 3 × 3 basketball sport.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-one adult male players were monitored across three 3 × 3 basketball official tournaments. Players wore Firstbeat Sports microsensors to quantify external (Movement Load) and internal physiological (summated-heart-rate-zones [SHRZ]) loads. Additionally, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scores were obtained after each game to calculate session RPE (sRPE) loads as internal perceived load. Repeated-measures correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationships between Movement Load and internal loads (SHRZ and sRPE), and between SHRZ and sRPE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>External load (Movement Load) and internal physiological load (SHRZ) had a very large correlation (r = .76, P < .001). External load was also largely correlated with internal perceived load (sRPE; r = .57, P < .001). The correlation between SHRZ and sRPE was moderate (r = .47, P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During 3 × 3 basketball games, large to very large relationships exist between external- and internal-load variables. This information allows practitioners to anticipate internal responses of players to games based on the external load imposed, thus optimizing training-load prescription strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Training Characteristics Related to (the Changes in) Durability in Semiprofessional Cyclists.
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0321
Jens G Voet, Teun van Erp, Aitor Viribay, Jos J de Koning, Robert P Lamberts

Purpose: To provide insights into a dose-response relationship between training and time-trial performance, as assessed in both a "fresh" and a "fatigued" state (durability), including proposed underlying factors for durability: gross efficiency and substrate oxidation (FatOx and CarbOx).

Methods: Ten male semiprofessional cyclists underwent a performance test in both "fresh" and "fatigued" state (after 38.6 [4.6] kJ·kg-1) before and after an 8-week training period, containing the measurement of gross efficiency, FatOx, and CarbOx at submaximal intensity and maximal time trials of 1 (PO1) and 10 minutes (PO10). Relationships were assessed with the session rating of perceived exertion, kilojoules spent, Lucia training impulse, Training Stress Score, polarization index, and time spent in 3 zones in the intervening period.

Results: No significant relationship was found between higher training load and performance on PO1 and PO10, with a large variation between assessed training-load measures and individual participants. However, CarbOx showed a strong correlation with training volume in the "fresh" state and with time spent below first-lactate-threshold intensity in the "fatigued" state. Also, the relationship between training load and change in performance between tests showed different trends for "fresh" compared with "fatigued" state, especially for FatOx and CarbOx.

Conclusions: The fact that no clear relationships between dose (training) and response (time-trial performance) were shown in this study indicates that a single load measure is not able to predict performance improvements after an 8-week training period. However, the current study shows that the same training can have a different effect on "fresh" versus "fatigued" performance, having implications for the design of training plans.

{"title":"Training Characteristics Related to (the Changes in) Durability in Semiprofessional Cyclists.","authors":"Jens G Voet, Teun van Erp, Aitor Viribay, Jos J de Koning, Robert P Lamberts","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To provide insights into a dose-response relationship between training and time-trial performance, as assessed in both a \"fresh\" and a \"fatigued\" state (durability), including proposed underlying factors for durability: gross efficiency and substrate oxidation (FatOx and CarbOx).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten male semiprofessional cyclists underwent a performance test in both \"fresh\" and \"fatigued\" state (after 38.6 [4.6] kJ·kg-1) before and after an 8-week training period, containing the measurement of gross efficiency, FatOx, and CarbOx at submaximal intensity and maximal time trials of 1 (PO1) and 10 minutes (PO10). Relationships were assessed with the session rating of perceived exertion, kilojoules spent, Lucia training impulse, Training Stress Score, polarization index, and time spent in 3 zones in the intervening period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant relationship was found between higher training load and performance on PO1 and PO10, with a large variation between assessed training-load measures and individual participants. However, CarbOx showed a strong correlation with training volume in the \"fresh\" state and with time spent below first-lactate-threshold intensity in the \"fatigued\" state. Also, the relationship between training load and change in performance between tests showed different trends for \"fresh\" compared with \"fatigued\" state, especially for FatOx and CarbOx.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The fact that no clear relationships between dose (training) and response (time-trial performance) were shown in this study indicates that a single load measure is not able to predict performance improvements after an 8-week training period. However, the current study shows that the same training can have a different effect on \"fresh\" versus \"fatigued\" performance, having implications for the design of training plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of Achilles Tendon and Ankle Plantar Flexor Stiffness on the Net Metabolic Cost of Running.
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0375
Anh Phong Nguyen, Laurent Bosquet, Rayan Belaoued, Christine Detrembleur, Philippe Mahaudens

Objectives: This study aimed to report (1) the correlation between net metabolic cost (NMC) of running and Achilles tendon (AT) and ankle plantar flexor passive stiffness and (2) explore the relationship between passive stiffness and key running biomechanics.

Methods: Twenty-two male recreational runners participated in this study. The runners performed a 5-minute run at 50% of their maximal aerobic speed as a warm-up on an instrumented treadmill, followed by a 6-minute run at 65% of their maximal aerobic speed wherein NMC was recorded. Passive stiffness was measured using a myotonometry device both before and after the run.

Results: There was a negative linear relationship between NMC and AT stiffness. NMC and prerun AT stiffness demonstrated a significant negative correlation between leg stiffness and a significant positive correlation with braking peak force and step length. Moreover, we observed an increase in stiffness between prerun and postrun measurements at rest for the AT and both gastrocnemius muscles.

Conclusion: Greater AT stiffness measured at rest is correlated with lower NMC.

{"title":"Impact of Achilles Tendon and Ankle Plantar Flexor Stiffness on the Net Metabolic Cost of Running.","authors":"Anh Phong Nguyen, Laurent Bosquet, Rayan Belaoued, Christine Detrembleur, Philippe Mahaudens","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to report (1) the correlation between net metabolic cost (NMC) of running and Achilles tendon (AT) and ankle plantar flexor passive stiffness and (2) explore the relationship between passive stiffness and key running biomechanics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two male recreational runners participated in this study. The runners performed a 5-minute run at 50% of their maximal aerobic speed as a warm-up on an instrumented treadmill, followed by a 6-minute run at 65% of their maximal aerobic speed wherein NMC was recorded. Passive stiffness was measured using a myotonometry device both before and after the run.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a negative linear relationship between NMC and AT stiffness. NMC and prerun AT stiffness demonstrated a significant negative correlation between leg stiffness and a significant positive correlation with braking peak force and step length. Moreover, we observed an increase in stiffness between prerun and postrun measurements at rest for the AT and both gastrocnemius muscles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Greater AT stiffness measured at rest is correlated with lower NMC.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Erratum. Effects of Postactivation Performance Enhancement From Upper-Body Flywheel Overload on Tennis-Serve Performance.
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2025-0087
{"title":"Erratum. Effects of Postactivation Performance Enhancement From Upper-Body Flywheel Overload on Tennis-Serve Performance.","authors":"","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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International journal of sports physiology and performance
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