Computational simulation of graphene/h-BN nanopores for single-molecule herbicide sensing.

The growing world population and climate change are key drivers for the increasing pursuit of more efficient and environmentally-safe food production. In this scenario, the large scale use of herbicides demands the development new technologies to control and monitor the application of these compounds, due to their several environmental and health-related problems. Motivated by all these issues, in this work, a hybrid graphene/boron nitride nanopore is explore to detect/identify herbicide molecules (Glyphosate, AMPA, Diuron, and 2,4-D). Solid-state nanopores based on 2D materials have been widely explored as novel generation sensors capable of single-molecule resolution. The present investigation combines the density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method to assess the interaction of each herbicide with the nanopore and how its interaction modulates the device's electronic transport properties. The device's sensitivity spreads from 9.0 up to 27.0% when probed at different gate voltage values. Overall, the proposed device seems to be sensitive and selective to be considered as a promising single-molecule herbicide sensor.