Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/adc4ee
Chen Zhang, Ruipeng Hou, Shufang Chang, Rong Wu, Shunhang Wei
Cocatalysts generally serve as active sites accelerating carrier separation. However, when the hydrophilicity of photocatalyst itself is poor, the trapped electrons or holes on cocatalysts are difficult to react with reactants quickly. In this work, Bi4Ti3O12nanosheets with excellent hydrophilicity was prepared and then thermally deposited Rh on their surface (Bi4Ti3O12(Rh)), and finally in-suit grew ZnIn2S4on the surface of Bi4Ti3O12(Rh). Based on the results of photocatalytic performance and materials characterization, it was found that the Bi4Ti3O12(Rh) in the photocatalytic system could be considered as a special cocatalyst rather than formed heterojunction with the ZnIn2S4. Under visible-light irradiation, the Rh acted as an electron trapping site to conduct photogenerated electrons trapping from ZnIn2S4to the surface of Bi4Ti3O12. This process not only further accelerated carrier separation, but also facilitated electrons reacting with water due to the excellent hydrophilicity of Bi4Ti3O12(Rh), thereby achieving enhanced photocatalytic H2production performance in the absence of sacrificial agents.
{"title":"Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>nanosheets loaded with Rh as special cocatalysts enhancing visible-light driven water splitting activity of ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>nanosheets.","authors":"Chen Zhang, Ruipeng Hou, Shufang Chang, Rong Wu, Shunhang Wei","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc4ee","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc4ee","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cocatalysts generally serve as active sites accelerating carrier separation. However, when the hydrophilicity of photocatalyst itself is poor, the trapped electrons or holes on cocatalysts are difficult to react with reactants quickly. In this work, Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>nanosheets with excellent hydrophilicity was prepared and then thermally deposited Rh on their surface (Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>(Rh)), and finally in-suit grew ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>on the surface of Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>(Rh). Based on the results of photocatalytic performance and materials characterization, it was found that the Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>(Rh) in the photocatalytic system could be considered as a special cocatalyst rather than formed heterojunction with the ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>. Under visible-light irradiation, the Rh acted as an electron trapping site to conduct photogenerated electrons trapping from ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>to the surface of Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>. This process not only further accelerated carrier separation, but also facilitated electrons reacting with water due to the excellent hydrophilicity of Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>(Rh), thereby achieving enhanced photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>production performance in the absence of sacrificial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/adc39f
Zhang Ruochong, Wang Dongmei, Cheng Xinshao, Wang Minghuan, Hu Xiaodong, Ding Qi, Xu Xuefeng, Cai Meirong, Hu Litian
Due to the unique self-assembling structure and rheological properties, supramolecular gel lubricants have become the third major type of liquid lubricating materials to supplement the lubricating oils and greases. The molecular structures of gelators applicable to oil-based, water-based and extreme conditions base oils were summarized firstly. Furthermore, this review aims at exploring the relationships between the molecular structures of gelators and the gel-forming, rheological and tribological properties of gel lubricants. Based on the wide application of gel in various lubrication fields, the synergistic lubricating effect between gel lubricants and nanomaterials, films, textured surfaces were analyzed. The design of solid-liquid composite lubrication systems based on gel lubricants and solid lubricants were attempted to be highlighted and revealed. Finally, the perspectives on the development of gel lubricants and corresponding composite lubricating materials were presented.
{"title":"Recent development in friction of supramolecular gel lubricant: from mechanisms to applications.","authors":"Zhang Ruochong, Wang Dongmei, Cheng Xinshao, Wang Minghuan, Hu Xiaodong, Ding Qi, Xu Xuefeng, Cai Meirong, Hu Litian","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc39f","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc39f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the unique self-assembling structure and rheological properties, supramolecular gel lubricants have become the third major type of liquid lubricating materials to supplement the lubricating oils and greases. The molecular structures of gelators applicable to oil-based, water-based and extreme conditions base oils were summarized firstly. Furthermore, this review aims at exploring the relationships between the molecular structures of gelators and the gel-forming, rheological and tribological properties of gel lubricants. Based on the wide application of gel in various lubrication fields, the synergistic lubricating effect between gel lubricants and nanomaterials, films, textured surfaces were analyzed. The design of solid-liquid composite lubrication systems based on gel lubricants and solid lubricants were attempted to be highlighted and revealed. Finally, the perspectives on the development of gel lubricants and corresponding composite lubricating materials were presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/adc606
Jaehyun Lee, Tapas Dutta, Vihar P Georgiev, Asen Asenov
Gate-all-around (GAA) nanosheet field-effect transistors (FETs) have significantly advanced nanoscale device technology by mitigating short-channel effects. These GAA structures are becoming essential in sub-3 nm technology and are evolving into complementary FETs. Despite the reduction in variability achieved by multi-gate structures, random discrete dopants (RDDs) in source and drain (S/D) regions continue to pose challenges. This study addresses the local variability induced by RDDs, particularly in the S/D extensions in GAA nanosheet FETs. Through statistical quantum transport simulations under a ballistic approximation, we investigate parameters such as spacer length, channel width, and channel thickness. The results show that RDDs in the S/D extensions cause not only threshold voltage variation but also increase resistance and reduce ON-state current. GAA nanosheet FETs with a3 nm×10 nmcross-sectional channel and 5 nm spacer length exhibit 10% reduction in ON-state current compared to the ideal device, along with a standard deviation (variability) of 0.35µA. Mitigation of these effects requires the use of thin, wide, and large cross-section nanosheets and short spacer lengths.
{"title":"Variability induced by random discrete dopants in source and drain extensions of gate-all-around nanosheet FETs: a quantum transport simulation study.","authors":"Jaehyun Lee, Tapas Dutta, Vihar P Georgiev, Asen Asenov","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc606","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gate-all-around (GAA) nanosheet field-effect transistors (FETs) have significantly advanced nanoscale device technology by mitigating short-channel effects. These GAA structures are becoming essential in sub-3 nm technology and are evolving into complementary FETs. Despite the reduction in variability achieved by multi-gate structures, random discrete dopants (RDDs) in source and drain (S/D) regions continue to pose challenges. This study addresses the local variability induced by RDDs, particularly in the S/D extensions in GAA nanosheet FETs. Through statistical quantum transport simulations under a ballistic approximation, we investigate parameters such as spacer length, channel width, and channel thickness. The results show that RDDs in the S/D extensions cause not only threshold voltage variation but also increase resistance and reduce ON-state current. GAA nanosheet FETs with a3 nm×10 nmcross-sectional channel and 5 nm spacer length exhibit 10% reduction in ON-state current compared to the ideal device, along with a standard deviation (variability) of 0.35<i>µ</i>A. Mitigation of these effects requires the use of thin, wide, and large cross-section nanosheets and short spacer lengths.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/adc608
Francesco Amato, Martina Fazi, Leonardo Giaccari, Sara Colecchia, Giordano Perini, Valentina Palmieri, Massimiliano Papi, Pietro Altimari, Alessandro Motta, Mauro Giustini, Robertino Zanoni, Andrea Giacomo Marrani
Graphene Oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial largely exploited in many fields. Its preparation, usually performed from graphite in an oxidant environment, generally affords 2D layers with a broad size distribution, with overoxidation easily occurring. Here, we investigate the formation, along the Hummers synthesis of GO, of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) isolated from GO and characterized through morphological and spectroscopic techniques. The purification methodology here applied is based on dialysis and results highly advantageous, since it does not involve chemical processes, which may lead to modifications in the composition of GO layers. Using a cross-matched characterization approach among different techniques, such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and fluorescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the isolated CNP are constituted by layers that are highly oxidized at the edges and are stacked due toπ-πinteraction among their aromatic basal planes and H-bonded via their oxidized groups. These results, while representing a step forward in the comprehension of the structure of long-debated carbon debris in GO, strongly point to the introduction of dialysis as an indispensable step toward the preparation of more controlled and homogeneous GO layers and to its use for the valorization of low molecular weight GO species as luminescent CNPs.
{"title":"Isolation by dialysis and characterization of luminescent oxidized carbon nanoparticles from graphene oxide dispersions: a facile novel route towards a more controlled and homogeneous substrate with a wider applicability<sup />.","authors":"Francesco Amato, Martina Fazi, Leonardo Giaccari, Sara Colecchia, Giordano Perini, Valentina Palmieri, Massimiliano Papi, Pietro Altimari, Alessandro Motta, Mauro Giustini, Robertino Zanoni, Andrea Giacomo Marrani","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc608","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Graphene Oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial largely exploited in many fields. Its preparation, usually performed from graphite in an oxidant environment, generally affords 2D layers with a broad size distribution, with overoxidation easily occurring. Here, we investigate the formation, along the Hummers synthesis of GO, of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) isolated from GO and characterized through morphological and spectroscopic techniques. The purification methodology here applied is based on dialysis and results highly advantageous, since it does not involve chemical processes, which may lead to modifications in the composition of GO layers. Using a cross-matched characterization approach among different techniques, such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and fluorescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the isolated CNP are constituted by layers that are highly oxidized at the edges and are stacked due to<i>π</i>-<i>π</i>interaction among their aromatic basal planes and H-bonded via their oxidized groups. These results, while representing a step forward in the comprehension of the structure of long-debated carbon debris in GO, strongly point to the introduction of dialysis as an indispensable step toward the preparation of more controlled and homogeneous GO layers and to its use for the valorization of low molecular weight GO species as luminescent CNPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/adc554
Mingming Du, Zheng Fang, Hongyue Liu, Qiyun Li, Anxian Peng, Huimei Chen, Yitong Liu, Jinwen Zhan, Rongjun Yan
In this work, Pd-TiO2/ZnIn2S4nanowires (Pd-Ti-Nws/ZIS) heterostructures catalysts were prepared and applied to photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under simulated sunlight. The results revealed that the hydrogen production rate of Pd-Ti-Nws-40/ZIS was as high as 66.7 mmol·g-1·h-1, which was 20.5 and 418 times as much as that of pure ZIS and Pd-Ti-Nws, respectively. After 5 cycles, the hydrogen production of the photocatalyst can still reach about 60 mmol within 120 min. According to the results of photochemistry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Pd-Ti-Nws/ZIS meets the S-scheme heterojunction system, which is beneficial to inhibit the recombination of photogenerated holes and electrons and increase carrier transport rate through the S-scheme heterojunction. Under light radiation, Pd-Ti-Nws is positively charged due to the accumulation of holes, and ZIS is negatively charged due to the accumulation of electrons with higher reducing power. Moreover, Pd nanoparticles obviously improve the response range and intensity of the catalyst to sunlight. Therefore, the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate obviously increased. This work provides a reasonable method for designing efficient catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production.
{"title":"Significantly boosted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by Pd-TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>nanowires heterojunction under simulated sunlight.","authors":"Mingming Du, Zheng Fang, Hongyue Liu, Qiyun Li, Anxian Peng, Huimei Chen, Yitong Liu, Jinwen Zhan, Rongjun Yan","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc554","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, Pd-TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>nanowires (Pd-Ti-Nws/ZIS) heterostructures catalysts were prepared and applied to photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under simulated sunlight. The results revealed that the hydrogen production rate of Pd-Ti-Nws-40/ZIS was as high as 66.7 mmol·g<sup>-1</sup>·h<sup>-1</sup>, which was 20.5 and 418 times as much as that of pure ZIS and Pd-Ti-Nws, respectively. After 5 cycles, the hydrogen production of the photocatalyst can still reach about 60 mmol within 120 min. According to the results of photochemistry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Pd-Ti-Nws/ZIS meets the S-scheme heterojunction system, which is beneficial to inhibit the recombination of photogenerated holes and electrons and increase carrier transport rate through the S-scheme heterojunction. Under light radiation, Pd-Ti-Nws is positively charged due to the accumulation of holes, and ZIS is negatively charged due to the accumulation of electrons with higher reducing power. Moreover, Pd nanoparticles obviously improve the response range and intensity of the catalyst to sunlight. Therefore, the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate obviously increased. This work provides a reasonable method for designing efficient catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/adc4f1
Elena Filonenko, Polina Kuzhir, Sergei Malykhin
This study presents a detailed investigation into the fluorescence properties of color centers in single-crystal diamond needles (SCDNs) synthesized via chemical vapor deposition. Using steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) techniques, we identified color centers with zero-phonon lines at 389 nm, 468 nm, 575 nm (NV0), 637 nm (NV-), and 738 nm (SiV-). PL excitation spectroscopy conducted at room temperature revealed the complex electronic structure of some of these centers, paving the way for further investigation into their fluorescence properties. Lifetime measurements were performed for each center, with the 389 nm one exhibiting the longest decay time (∼30 ns), which is advantageous for enhancing quantum coherence, improving photon emission efficiency, and reducing power consumption. Altogether, these findings highlight the potential of SCDNs for quantum applications and confirm their promise as a platform for next-generation photonic and quantum devices.
{"title":"Fluorescence dynamics of color centers in diamond needles.","authors":"Elena Filonenko, Polina Kuzhir, Sergei Malykhin","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc4f1","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc4f1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a detailed investigation into the fluorescence properties of color centers in single-crystal diamond needles (SCDNs) synthesized via chemical vapor deposition. Using steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) techniques, we identified color centers with zero-phonon lines at 389 nm, 468 nm, 575 nm (NV<sup>0</sup>), 637 nm (NV<sup>-</sup>), and 738 nm (SiV<sup>-</sup>). PL excitation spectroscopy conducted at room temperature revealed the complex electronic structure of some of these centers, paving the way for further investigation into their fluorescence properties. Lifetime measurements were performed for each center, with the 389 nm one exhibiting the longest decay time (∼30 ns), which is advantageous for enhancing quantum coherence, improving photon emission efficiency, and reducing power consumption. Altogether, these findings highlight the potential of SCDNs for quantum applications and confirm their promise as a platform for next-generation photonic and quantum devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/adc4ed
Nhat Anh Nguyen Phan, Inayat Uddin, Hai Yen Le Thi, Nobuyuki Aoki, Hye Jung Kim, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Muhammad Atif Khan, Gil-Ho Kim
The progression of quantum phenomena aligns closely with the miniaturization of nano-semiconductor transistors. This necessitates innovative quantum structures beyond traditional transistor types. Investigating electrostatically defined nanoscale devices within two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor heterostructures, particularly van der Waals heterostructures offers advantages like large-scale uniformity and flexibility. Here, we focus on the charge transport of a MoS2/WSe2encapsulated heterostructure controlled by a split-gate configuration, revealing a distinctive step-like current profile at a low temperature of 77 K. The observed distinguishable regimes in the current highlight the impact of quantum confinement induced by reduced lateral dimensions coupled with precise electrostatic confinement controlled by gate voltages. The temperature dependence of the device is also investigated to understand the role of thermal effects on the observed electrostatic-controlled transconductance oscillations phenomenon. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of electrostatic effects in 2D transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures in narrow regimes. It holds promise for developing future integrated electronic devices based on 2D semiconducting nanomaterials with tailored confinement and enhanced functionalities.
{"title":"Electrostatic control of transconductance oscillations in MoS<sub>2</sub>/WSe<sub>2</sub>heterostructure.","authors":"Nhat Anh Nguyen Phan, Inayat Uddin, Hai Yen Le Thi, Nobuyuki Aoki, Hye Jung Kim, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Muhammad Atif Khan, Gil-Ho Kim","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc4ed","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc4ed","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The progression of quantum phenomena aligns closely with the miniaturization of nano-semiconductor transistors. This necessitates innovative quantum structures beyond traditional transistor types. Investigating electrostatically defined nanoscale devices within two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor heterostructures, particularly van der Waals heterostructures offers advantages like large-scale uniformity and flexibility. Here, we focus on the charge transport of a MoS<sub>2</sub>/WSe<sub>2</sub>encapsulated heterostructure controlled by a split-gate configuration, revealing a distinctive step-like current profile at a low temperature of 77 K. The observed distinguishable regimes in the current highlight the impact of quantum confinement induced by reduced lateral dimensions coupled with precise electrostatic confinement controlled by gate voltages. The temperature dependence of the device is also investigated to understand the role of thermal effects on the observed electrostatic-controlled transconductance oscillations phenomenon. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of electrostatic effects in 2D transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures in narrow regimes. It holds promise for developing future integrated electronic devices based on 2D semiconducting nanomaterials with tailored confinement and enhanced functionalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/adc1d0
Mehran Sedrpooshan, Claudiu Bulbucan, Damon J Carrad, Thomas S Jespersen, Adam M Burke, Maria E Messing, Rasmus Westerström
Nanochains (NCs) made up of a one-dimensional arrangement of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit anisotropic properties with potential for various applications. Herein, using a novel self-assembly method we directly integrate single NCs onto desired substrates including devices. We present a nanoscopic analysis of magnetization reversal in 1D linear NP arrays by combining x-ray microscopy, magnetoresistance (MR), and micromagnetic simulations. Imaging the local magnetization along individual NCs by scanning transmission x-ray microscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism under varyingin situmagnetic fields shows that each structure undergoes distinct non-homogeneous magnetization reversal processes. The experimental observations are complemented by micromagnetic simulations, revealing that morphological inhomogeneities critically influence the reversal process where regions with parallel chains or larger multi-domain particles act as nucleation centers for the magnetization switching and smaller particles provide pinning sites for the domain propagation. Magnetotransport through single NCs reveals distinct MR behavior that is correlated with the unique magnetization reversal processes dictated by the morphology of the structures. This study provides new insights into the complex magnetization reversal mechanism inherent to one-dimensional particle assemblies and the effective parameters that govern the process.
{"title":"Direct device integration of single 1D nanoparticle assemblies; a magnetization reversal and magnetotransport study.","authors":"Mehran Sedrpooshan, Claudiu Bulbucan, Damon J Carrad, Thomas S Jespersen, Adam M Burke, Maria E Messing, Rasmus Westerström","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc1d0","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc1d0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanochains (NCs) made up of a one-dimensional arrangement of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit anisotropic properties with potential for various applications. Herein, using a novel self-assembly method we directly integrate single NCs onto desired substrates including devices. We present a nanoscopic analysis of magnetization reversal in 1D linear NP arrays by combining x-ray microscopy, magnetoresistance (MR), and micromagnetic simulations. Imaging the local magnetization along individual NCs by scanning transmission x-ray microscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism under varying<i>in situ</i>magnetic fields shows that each structure undergoes distinct non-homogeneous magnetization reversal processes. The experimental observations are complemented by micromagnetic simulations, revealing that morphological inhomogeneities critically influence the reversal process where regions with parallel chains or larger multi-domain particles act as nucleation centers for the magnetization switching and smaller particles provide pinning sites for the domain propagation. Magnetotransport through single NCs reveals distinct MR behavior that is correlated with the unique magnetization reversal processes dictated by the morphology of the structures. This study provides new insights into the complex magnetization reversal mechanism inherent to one-dimensional particle assemblies and the effective parameters that govern the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/adc4f0
Jie Liu, Qiangqiang Qiao, Jinsen Zhang, Ziang Ren, Shihui Zou, Yujing Liu, Jianmin Luo, Huadong Yuan, Jianwei Nai, Yao Wang, Xinyong Tao
A novel Hoffmann-type metal-organic framework ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor material, {Ni(DMA)2[Ni(CN)4]}(DMA denotes dimethylamine), has been predicted. The material has been named Ni-DMA-Ni, and its structure, stability, electronic, mechanical, optical, and transport properties have been investigated by first-principles simulations. The calculation results demonstrate that Ni-DMA-Ni exhibits excellent thermal and dynamics stability at room temperature, with a bandgap value as high as 4.89 eV and the light absorption capacity reaches 105cm-1level in the deep ultraviolet region. The Young's modulus is 27.94 GPa, and the shear modulus is 10.82 GPa, indicating mechanical anisotropy. In addition, the construction of a two-probe device utilizing Ni-DMA-Ni to evaluate its transport properties revealed a negative differential resistance effect in itsI-Vcharacteristic curve. These unique properties highlight the potential application of the Ni-DMA-Ni material in the deep ultraviolet optoelectronic field. This study provides novel concepts and contributes significant insights to the research of Hoffmann-type semiconductor materials in the field of optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"A first-principles study of Hoffmann-type ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor material.","authors":"Jie Liu, Qiangqiang Qiao, Jinsen Zhang, Ziang Ren, Shihui Zou, Yujing Liu, Jianmin Luo, Huadong Yuan, Jianwei Nai, Yao Wang, Xinyong Tao","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc4f0","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc4f0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel Hoffmann-type metal-organic framework ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor material, {Ni(DMA)<sub>2</sub>[Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>]}(DMA denotes dimethylamine), has been predicted. The material has been named Ni-DMA-Ni, and its structure, stability, electronic, mechanical, optical, and transport properties have been investigated by first-principles simulations. The calculation results demonstrate that Ni-DMA-Ni exhibits excellent thermal and dynamics stability at room temperature, with a bandgap value as high as 4.89 eV and the light absorption capacity reaches 10<sup>5</sup>cm<sup>-1</sup>level in the deep ultraviolet region. The Young's modulus is 27.94 GPa, and the shear modulus is 10.82 GPa, indicating mechanical anisotropy. In addition, the construction of a two-probe device utilizing Ni-DMA-Ni to evaluate its transport properties revealed a negative differential resistance effect in its<i>I</i>-<i>V</i>characteristic curve. These unique properties highlight the potential application of the Ni-DMA-Ni material in the deep ultraviolet optoelectronic field. This study provides novel concepts and contributes significant insights to the research of Hoffmann-type semiconductor materials in the field of optoelectronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/adc4ec
J Kaufmann, R Ciesielski, K Freiberg, M Walther, A Fernández Herrero, S Lippmann, V Soltwisch, T Siefke, U Zeitner
To accurately achieve structure height differences in the range of single digit nanometres is of great importance for the fabrication of diffraction gratings for the extreme ultraviolet range (EUV). Here, structuring of silicon irradiated through a mask by a broad beam of helium ions with an energy of 30 keV was investigated as an alternative to conventional etching, which offers only limited controllability for shallow structures due to the higher rate of material removal. Utilising a broad ion beam allows for quick and cost effective fabrication. Ion fluence of the irradiations was varied in the range of 1016 ... 1017 ions · cm-2. This enabled a fine tuning of structure height in the range of 1.00 ± 0.05 to 20 ± 1 nm, which is suitable for shallow gratings used in EUV applications. According to transmission electron microscopy investigations the observed structure shape is attributed to the formation of point defects and bubbles/cavities within the silicon. Diffraction capabilities of fabricated elements are experimentally shown at the SX700 beamline of BESSY II. Rigorous Maxwell solver simulation based on the finite-element method and rigorous coupled wave analysis are utilised to describe the experimental obtained diffraction pattern.
{"title":"Fabrication of shallow EUV gratings on silicon by irradiation with helium ions.","authors":"J Kaufmann, R Ciesielski, K Freiberg, M Walther, A Fernández Herrero, S Lippmann, V Soltwisch, T Siefke, U Zeitner","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc4ec","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc4ec","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To accurately achieve structure height differences in the range of single digit nanometres is of great importance for the fabrication of diffraction gratings for the extreme ultraviolet range (EUV). Here, structuring of silicon irradiated through a mask by a broad beam of helium ions with an energy of 30 keV was investigated as an alternative to conventional etching, which offers only limited controllability for shallow structures due to the higher rate of material removal. Utilising a broad ion beam allows for quick and cost effective fabrication. Ion fluence of the irradiations was varied in the range of 10<sup>16</sup> ... 10<sup>17</sup> ions · cm<sup>-2</sup>. This enabled a fine tuning of structure height in the range of 1.00 ± 0.05 to 20 ± 1 nm, which is suitable for shallow gratings used in EUV applications. According to transmission electron microscopy investigations the observed structure shape is attributed to the formation of point defects and bubbles/cavities within the silicon. Diffraction capabilities of fabricated elements are experimentally shown at the SX700 beamline of BESSY II. Rigorous Maxwell solver simulation based on the finite-element method and rigorous coupled wave analysis are utilised to describe the experimental obtained diffraction pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}