Functions of immunologically active peptides and their roles in intestinal inflammation

Immunologically active peptides are a class of peptides with immune functions such as enhancing body immunity, regulating cell growth and differentiation, migration, chemotaxis, neurotransmission, and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. They have many features, such as small molecular weight, strong stability, high biological activity, easy to adjust the structure accurately, and easy to synthesize. Exploring the mechanism of action of immunologically active peptides can help the modification and development of immunologically active peptides. In this article, the functional properties of immunologically active peptides are described from the perspectives of structural classification of immunologically active peptides and regulatory mechanisms. The relationship between structure and function and the application of different mechanisms in diseases are reviewed, focusing on the role in intestinal inflammation.