Effect of dental ceramic coating on thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of glass fiber-reinforced wave transparent composite

Wave transparent composites are crucial in telecommunication systems for protecting against external environmental conditions while ensuring signal transmittance. However, prolonged exposure to harsh environments, particularly UV radiation, moisture, and temperature fluctuations can compromise their durability and performance. This study explores the application of flowable dental ceramic, primarily composed of carbon, silicon, aluminum, oxygen, and potassium, as a protective coating for glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites to enhance their lifespan. The ceramic-coated substrate, cured at 150 °C, exhibited a 32.34% increase in flexural strength and a 51.85% increase in tensile strength compared to uncoated samples. SEM analysis revealed a uniform distribution, smooth surface, and a well-integrated coating layer. TGA analysis demonstrated that the composite remained thermally stable up to 220 °C, indicating enhanced thermal stability. UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed that the coating material acts as a barrier, providing effective resistance against UV–Vis degradation. Microwave analysis demonstrated a 23.54% reduction in dielectric constant and an 80% decrease in loss tangent, ensuring maintained radio wave transparency and precise signal transmission. These improvements highlight the ceramic coating's ability to significantly enhance mechanical strength, thermal stability, and signal transmission capabilities, offering a promising solution for extending the durability and performance of wave transparent composites in harsh environments.