Efficient electrochemical detection of antibiotic ornidazole in synthetic and biological fluids using a trimetallic CuNiSnO4/MWCNT hybrid

Ornidazole (ORN) is an essential antibiotic used for treating infections induced by anaerobic bacteria and parasites. However, their extensive use poses ecological concerns as potential contaminants. To address this issue, we developed an innovative electrochemical sensing probe that utilizes a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a one-dimensional trimetallic CuNiSnO₄/MWCNT hybrid material synthesized via coprecipitation. Characterization techniques including XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, and TEM confirmed the composite's structural integrity and morphology. Electrochemical studies employing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) demonstrated the probe's efficacy in detecting the antiprotozoal drug. The CuNiSnO₄/MWCNT composite exhibited exceptional resistance to interference, achieving a remarkable detection limit of 0.060 μM with a wide linear range spanning from 0.09 to 152 μM for ORN detection. Moreover, it demonstrated excellent reproducibility, reusability, and stability. This study also highlights the potential of the CuNiSnO₄/MWCNT-modified sensor for real-time monitoring of ORN in both synthetic and biological fluids, emphasizing its applicability in environmental and clinical settings.