Process Safety and Environmental Protection最新文献

Tailored glutamine modified nanozeolite-Y/xanthan gum composite based on rice straw for enhanced adsorption of cadmium ions from aqueous media 基于稻草的定制谷氨酰胺改性纳米沸石-Y/黄原胶复合材料用于增强水介质中镉离子的吸附能力

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106965

Asma O. Obaid , Abdulkarim Albishri , Sahar Sallam , Mashael M. Alharbi , Kholood M. Alkhamis , Omaymah Alaysuy , Nada M. Alatawi , Nashwa M. El-Metwaly

This research utilized eco-friendly biocomposites nanoparticles to remove Cd^2 + from aqueous solutions. Herein, solid adsorbents were fabricated; nanozeolite-Y (Z), nanozeolite-Y/xanthan gum (ZX), and glutamine modified nanozeolite-Y/xanthan gum (GZX) based on rice straw. Various characterization techniques were used, including surface area, SEM, TEM, XRD, ATR-FTIR, and zeta potential to investigate the fabricated solid adsorbents. The effectiveness of the adsorption capacities of the prepared solid adsorbents towards cadmium ions were studied under different adsorption conditions. The results were analyzed using various nonlinear kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and Elovich), as well as nonlinear isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin). Characterization tools proved that GZX verified surface area of 735.20 m²/g, pore radius of 1.02 nm, pH_PZC= 6.70, acceptable thermal stability, and various surface chemical functional groups. The maximum adsorption capacity of GZX as calculated by nonlinear Langmuir model was found to be 339.1 mg/g at pH 6, 20 °C, and after 50 min of shaking time. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies verified that the adsorption of Cd²⁺ onto all the fabricated solid adsorbents are fitted well with pseudo-second order model, spontaneous, and endothermic. Sustainability of the fabricated GZX was confirmed by its well reusability after ten cycles of adsorption and desorption with only 4 % loss in its adsorption capacity. The formed GZX composite is a promising material in the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous media.

{"title":"Tailored glutamine modified nanozeolite-Y/xanthan gum composite based on rice straw for enhanced adsorption of cadmium ions from aqueous media","authors":"Asma O. Obaid , Abdulkarim Albishri , Sahar Sallam , Mashael M. Alharbi , Kholood M. Alkhamis , Omaymah Alaysuy , Nada M. Alatawi , Nashwa M. El-Metwaly","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research utilized eco-friendly biocomposites nanoparticles to remove Cd<sup>2 +</sup> from aqueous solutions. Herein, solid adsorbents were fabricated; nanozeolite-Y (Z), nanozeolite-Y/xanthan gum (ZX), and glutamine modified nanozeolite-Y/xanthan gum (GZX) based on rice straw. Various characterization techniques were used, including surface area, SEM, TEM, XRD, ATR-FTIR, and zeta potential to investigate the fabricated solid adsorbents. The effectiveness of the adsorption capacities of the prepared solid adsorbents towards cadmium ions were studied under different adsorption conditions. The results were analyzed using various nonlinear kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and Elovich), as well as nonlinear isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin). Characterization tools proved that GZX verified surface area of 735.20 m<sup>2</sup>/g, pore radius of 1.02 nm, pH<sub>PZC</sub>= 6.70, acceptable thermal stability, and various surface chemical functional groups. The maximum adsorption capacity of GZX as calculated by nonlinear Langmuir model was found to be 339.1 mg/g at pH 6, 20 °C, and after 50 min of shaking time. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies verified that the adsorption of Cd<sup>2+</sup> onto all the fabricated solid adsorbents are fitted well with pseudo-second order model, spontaneous, and endothermic. Sustainability of the fabricated GZX was confirmed by its well reusability after ten cycles of adsorption and desorption with only 4 % loss in its adsorption capacity. The formed GZX composite is a promising material in the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106965"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-objective optimization and 3E analysis of an integrated PV/T-wind-borehole-ORC driven ground source heat pump system

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106930

Manfeng Li , Mengmeng Wang , Kaiyang Zhu , Hailong Li , Rui Ye , Hongyan Shi , Tianbiao He

In response to the rising energy demands and environmental challenges, a multi-renewable system combining photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T), wind turbines, battery, borehole heat exchangers and Organic Rankine Cycle driven ground source heat pump is proposed. This system aims to enhance energy efficiency, achieve economic viability, and improve flexibility. The independent and interactive effects of area of PV/T, number of wind turbines, number of borehole heat exchangers, and mass flow per unit PV/T area are analyzed to assess their influences on energy efficiency (η_e), overall energy consumption (OEC), investment energy ratio (IER). Using robust response surface methodology and the Box-Behnken method, the optimal configuration is determined, revealing a PV/T area of 170.385 m², 8 wind turbines, 5 borehole heat exchangers, and a mass flow of 0.285 kg/s per unit of PV/T area. This configuration produced promising outcomes: an η_e of 0.383, an OEC of −24656.88 kW·h/year, and IER of $0.120/kW·h. Compared to the ground source heat pump powered by the grid, this system achieves annual reductions in pollutants: 51,605.06 kg of CO₂, 167.42 kg of SO₂, and 145.75 kg of NOₓ. These findings provide valuable insights for integrated multi-renewable energy systems, highlighting their feasibility and flexibility.

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization and 3E analysis of an integrated PV/T-wind-borehole-ORC driven ground source heat pump system","authors":"Manfeng Li , Mengmeng Wang , Kaiyang Zhu , Hailong Li , Rui Ye , Hongyan Shi , Tianbiao He","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the rising energy demands and environmental challenges, a multi-renewable system combining photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T), wind turbines, battery, borehole heat exchangers and Organic Rankine Cycle driven ground source heat pump is proposed. This system aims to enhance energy efficiency, achieve economic viability, and improve flexibility. The independent and interactive effects of area of PV/T, number of wind turbines, number of borehole heat exchangers, and mass flow per unit PV/T area are analyzed to assess their influences on energy efficiency (η<sub>e</sub>), overall energy consumption (OEC), investment energy ratio (IER). Using robust response surface methodology and the Box-Behnken method, the optimal configuration is determined, revealing a PV/T area of 170.385 m<sup>2</sup>, 8 wind turbines, 5 borehole heat exchangers, and a mass flow of 0.285 kg/s per unit of PV/T area. This configuration produced promising outcomes: an η<sub>e</sub> of 0.383, an OEC of −24656.88 kW·h/year, and IER of $0.120/kW·h. Compared to the ground source heat pump powered by the grid, this system achieves annual reductions in pollutants: 51,605.06 kg of CO₂, 167.42 kg of SO₂, and 145.75 kg of NOₓ. These findings provide valuable insights for integrated multi-renewable energy systems, highlighting their feasibility and flexibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106930"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a throttling venting model for CO2 pipelines and study of venting characteristics

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106962

Yifan He , Shuai Yu , Xingqing Yan , Jiaran An , Zhenning Fan , Haining Liang , Jianliang Yu

CO₂ pipeline venting is essential to mitigate overpressure risks. The design of the venting structure must account for the risk of dry ice blockage caused by CO₂ throttling and its effectiveness in alleviating overpressure in the main pipeline. A comprehensive assessment of the impact of different venting structures on temperature and mass flow rate is necessary. This study uses a one-dimensional throttling model to investigate the effects of various venting structures on pressure, temperature, and mass flow rate. An orthogonal experimental design is applied to quantitatively analyze and compare their impact on low temperature and mass flow rate. The results indicate that flow rate is the fundamental reason for the temperature drop before and after changing the throttle valve. Increasing the number of vent valves, reducing the opening of the final stage valve, and decreasing the diameter of the vent pipe will all raise the temperature of CO₂ within the venting structure. However, the cost of improving low-temperature conditions is to reduce the mass flow rate. Through orthogonal experiments, it has been determined that the diameter of the vent pipe has the most significant impact on the mass flow rate and the extent of temperature reduction, followed by the valve opening, and finally the length of the vent riser. Therefore, in practical operation, the diameter of the ventilation pipe should be carefully selected to balance the risks of low temperature and overpressure.

{"title":"Development of a throttling venting model for CO2 pipelines and study of venting characteristics","authors":"Yifan He , Shuai Yu , Xingqing Yan , Jiaran An , Zhenning Fan , Haining Liang , Jianliang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO<sub>2</sub> pipeline venting is essential to mitigate overpressure risks. The design of the venting structure must account for the risk of dry ice blockage caused by CO<sub>2</sub> throttling and its effectiveness in alleviating overpressure in the main pipeline. A comprehensive assessment of the impact of different venting structures on temperature and mass flow rate is necessary. This study uses a one-dimensional throttling model to investigate the effects of various venting structures on pressure, temperature, and mass flow rate. An orthogonal experimental design is applied to quantitatively analyze and compare their impact on low temperature and mass flow rate. The results indicate that flow rate is the fundamental reason for the temperature drop before and after changing the throttle valve. Increasing the number of vent valves, reducing the opening of the final stage valve, and decreasing the diameter of the vent pipe will all raise the temperature of CO<sub>2</sub> within the venting structure. However, the cost of improving low-temperature conditions is to reduce the mass flow rate. Through orthogonal experiments, it has been determined that the diameter of the vent pipe has the most significant impact on the mass flow rate and the extent of temperature reduction, followed by the valve opening, and finally the length of the vent riser. Therefore, in practical operation, the diameter of the ventilation pipe should be carefully selected to balance the risks of low temperature and overpressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106962"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Valorization of electric arc furnace FTP dust from Morocco steel industry for efficient recovery of refined zinc via coal treatment

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106961

Ayoub Cherrat , Boujemaa Drif , El Mostafa Erradi , Mohamed Oubaouz , Niraka Blaise , Hicham El Ossmani , Najoua Labjar , Hanan El alaoui-Belghiti , Mohammed Bettach , Mostafa Benzaazoua , Rachid Hakkou

The Moroccan steel industry utilizes the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) process to produce steel from scrap material within fusion furnaces and generates waste by-products, particularly EAF dust. The steel industries disposed of the significant fumes of the EAF dust into the atmosphere containing zinc and iron in the form of their oxides which can be extracted for several marketable and profitable applications. In this research, the purified Zn recovered from the Fume Treatment Plant (FTP) dust by valorizing the dust sample with a defined proportion of coal which enhances the reduction process of Zn found in the dust or scrap, ultimately collected in the final dust sample. A 12 g mass of dust-coal mixture in a crucible was introduced into the fusion furnace with controlled laboratory conditions for 45 min and a temperature of 1000 °C, resulting in complete volatilization of Zn and then condensation in the form of zincite (ZnO) which was separated from the fusion residue for further characterization analysis. Several elemental composition and morphological analyses were performed on the raw and valorized FTP dust, culminating in the effective recovery of about 70–90 % of Zn in the form of ZnO from the valorized sample and a minor percentage of Fe in the form of Fe₂O₃ along with other impurities from the fusion residue. Therefore, the novelty of this work involves the significant implementation or explication of alternatives for valorizing solid-steelmaking wastes for the extraction of valuable elemental components from the FTP dust. The maximized recovery of the Zn can lead to the development of a robust circular economy, sustainable EAF waste management strategies, and profitable marketing of the refined Zn from the EAF-processed FTP dust. Therefore, this laboratory testing research provides valuable insights for Moroccan steel industries to consider the expedition for efficient recycling or recovery of Zn, eventually paving their way towards greater financial gain, sustainable resource management, and the development of a circular economy.

{"title":"Valorization of electric arc furnace FTP dust from Morocco steel industry for efficient recovery of refined zinc via coal treatment","authors":"Ayoub Cherrat , Boujemaa Drif , El Mostafa Erradi , Mohamed Oubaouz , Niraka Blaise , Hicham El Ossmani , Najoua Labjar , Hanan El alaoui-Belghiti , Mohammed Bettach , Mostafa Benzaazoua , Rachid Hakkou","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Moroccan steel industry utilizes the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) process to produce steel from scrap material within fusion furnaces and generates waste by-products, particularly EAF dust. The steel industries disposed of the significant fumes of the EAF dust into the atmosphere containing zinc and iron in the form of their oxides which can be extracted for several marketable and profitable applications. In this research, the purified Zn recovered from the Fume Treatment Plant (FTP) dust by valorizing the dust sample with a defined proportion of coal which enhances the reduction process of Zn found in the dust or scrap, ultimately collected in the final dust sample. A 12 g mass of dust-coal mixture in a crucible was introduced into the fusion furnace with controlled laboratory conditions for 45 min and a temperature of 1000 °C, resulting in complete volatilization of Zn and then condensation in the form of zincite (ZnO) which was separated from the fusion residue for further characterization analysis. Several elemental composition and morphological analyses were performed on the raw and valorized FTP dust, culminating in the effective recovery of about 70–90 % of Zn in the form of ZnO from the valorized sample and a minor percentage of Fe in the form of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> along with other impurities from the fusion residue. Therefore, the novelty of this work involves the significant implementation or explication of alternatives for valorizing solid-steelmaking wastes for the extraction of valuable elemental components from the FTP dust. The maximized recovery of the Zn can lead to the development of a robust circular economy, sustainable EAF waste management strategies, and profitable marketing of the refined Zn from the EAF-processed FTP dust. Therefore, this laboratory testing research provides valuable insights for Moroccan steel industries to consider the expedition for efficient recycling or recovery of Zn, eventually paving their way towards greater financial gain, sustainable resource management, and the development of a circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106961"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of Ni-Fe catalyst from fluidized-bed crystallisation reactor for treatment of RB5 azo dye using a Fenton-like system 应用流化床结晶反应器中的 Ni-Fe 催化剂，利用类芬顿体系处理 RB5 偶氮染料

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106959

Agnė Keselytė , Gintaras Denafas , Thi-Hanh Ha , Ming-Chun Lu

This study addresses the persistent challenge of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye removal from wastewater by utilizing Ni-Fe bimetallic catalysts recovered from semiconductor industry wastewater. This novel approach enhances the heterogeneous Fenton-like process for RB5 dye degradation. The catalyst, synthesized using a fluidized bed crystallization (FBC) reactor, was characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS, confirming its suitability for the application. Key operational parameters such as hydrogen peroxide concentration, catalyst dosage, and initial reaction pH (pH_i) significantly influenced RB5 removal efficiency. Using 1 g/L of catalyst, 1 mM of H₂O₂, and 100 mg/L of RB5, 86.4 % decolorization and 82.6 % TOC removal were achieved in 90 minutes. UVC radiation enhanced decolorization by 12.4 % but negatively impacted TOC removal. Langmuir adsorption isotherm with a K_Lvalue of 0.91 mg/L provided the best fit, indicating the dominance of adsorption over oxidation at pH pH_i. Kinetic analysis showed that second-order kinetics consistently offered the most robust model fit, except when UVC was applied alongside the catalyst and H₂O₂, where first-order kinetics were more favorable. This research advances sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, demonstrating a promising solution for effluents from textile and semiconductor industries and promoting resource conservation and environmental responsibility.

{"title":"Application of Ni-Fe catalyst from fluidized-bed crystallisation reactor for treatment of RB5 azo dye using a Fenton-like system","authors":"Agnė Keselytė , Gintaras Denafas , Thi-Hanh Ha , Ming-Chun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the persistent challenge of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye removal from wastewater by utilizing Ni-Fe bimetallic catalysts recovered from semiconductor industry wastewater. This novel approach enhances the heterogeneous Fenton-like process for RB5 dye degradation. The catalyst, synthesized using a fluidized bed crystallization (FBC) reactor, was characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS, confirming its suitability for the application. Key operational parameters such as hydrogen peroxide concentration, catalyst dosage, and initial reaction pH (pH<sub>i</sub>) significantly influenced RB5 removal efficiency. Using 1 g/L of catalyst, 1 mM of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and 100 mg/L of RB5, 86.4 % decolorization and 82.6 % TOC removal were achieved in 90 minutes. UVC radiation enhanced decolorization by 12.4 % but negatively impacted TOC removal. Langmuir adsorption isotherm with a K<sub>L</sub>value of 0.91 mg/L provided the best fit, indicating the dominance of adsorption over oxidation at pH pH<sub>i.</sub> Kinetic analysis showed that second-order kinetics consistently offered the most robust model fit, except when UVC was applied alongside the catalyst and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, where first-order kinetics were more favorable. This research advances sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, demonstrating a promising solution for effluents from textile and semiconductor industries and promoting resource conservation and environmental responsibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106959"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization algorithms for modeling conversion and naphtha yield in the catalytic co-cracking of plastic in HVGO

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106958

A.G. Usman , Abdullah Aitani , Jamilu Usman , Sani I. Abba , Khalid Alhooshani , Abdulkadir Tanimu

The catalytic co-cracking of 2.5–10 wt% low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in heavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO) was carried out in a fixed-bed microactivity test (MAT) unit and studies on the effect of LDPE loading, cracking temperature and nature of zeolite catalyst generated reasonable data that were used to model HVGO/LDPE conversion and naphtha yield using four metaheuristic-based nature inspired optimization algorithms. Using 13 different input parameters into the data mining, less dominant variables with < 0.49 correlation co-efficient to the targets were filtered out. The effect of deterministic based feature on variable filtering prior to modeling stage was conducted for both HVGO/LDPE conversion and naphtha yield. The prediction performance of the developed models in both training and testing was evaluated using the mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), coefficients of correlation (R) and determination (R²). Among the four algorithms, GPR-BO showed highest conversion prediction performance for both data training and testing, with MSE = 1.14 × 10⁻⁹ and 2.02 × 10⁻⁹, RMSE = 3.37 × 10⁻⁵ and 4.62 × 10⁻⁵, R² and R = 1.00 respectively. For naphtha yield prediction, the ANN-PSO showed highest performance for both data training and testing, with MSE = 0.020 and 0.0663, RMSE = 0.143 and 0.189, R² and R = 1.00 respectively.

{"title":"Optimization algorithms for modeling conversion and naphtha yield in the catalytic co-cracking of plastic in HVGO","authors":"A.G. Usman , Abdullah Aitani , Jamilu Usman , Sani I. Abba , Khalid Alhooshani , Abdulkadir Tanimu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The catalytic co-cracking of 2.5–10 wt% low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in heavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO) was carried out in a fixed-bed microactivity test (MAT) unit and studies on the effect of LDPE loading, cracking temperature and nature of zeolite catalyst generated reasonable data that were used to model HVGO/LDPE conversion and naphtha yield using four metaheuristic-based nature inspired optimization algorithms. Using 13 different input parameters into the data mining, less dominant variables with < 0.49 correlation co-efficient to the targets were filtered out. The effect of deterministic based feature on variable filtering prior to modeling stage was conducted for both HVGO/LDPE conversion and naphtha yield. The prediction performance of the developed models in both training and testing was evaluated using the mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), coefficients of correlation (R) and determination (R<sup>2</sup>). Among the four algorithms, GPR-BO showed highest conversion prediction performance for both data training and testing, with MSE = 1.14 × 10<sup>−9</sup> and 2.02 × 10<sup>−9</sup>, RMSE = 3.37 × 10<sup>−5</sup> and 4.62 × 10<sup>−5</sup>, R<sup>2</sup> and R = 1.00 respectively. For naphtha yield prediction, the ANN-PSO showed highest performance for both data training and testing, with MSE = 0.020 and 0.0663, RMSE = 0.143 and 0.189, R<sup>2</sup> and R = 1.00 respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106958"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation into the reaction mechanism for enhanced peracetic acid catalytic decomposition by coexisting hydrogen peroxide under electrochemical conditions

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106955

Siqi Chen , Zhen Liu , Mengyu Li , Bangxing Ren , Rong Liu , Chuanliang Zhao , Yuhang Liu , Zhe Zhang , Xiaodi Duan , Yao Chen

The electrochemical activation of peracetic acid (PAA) in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has demonstrated significant potential for contaminant removal in water treatment. However, the role of coexisting H₂O₂ in the electro-activation process of PAA has been overlooked. This study methodically investigated the crucial synergistic effect of coexisting H₂O₂ in the EC/PAA process by constructing an electrochemical direct activation PAA (EC/PAA) system. The types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved during the EC/PAA process were determined through quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and the contributions of different radicals were elucidated. Notably, the electrochemical activation of coexisting H₂O₂ facilitates a synergistic interaction with PAA, significantly enhancing the steady-state concentration of •OH, thereby promoting the catalytic decomposition of PAA to generate R-O•. In addition, the main generation pathways of ¹O₂ during the EC/PAA process were systematically elucidated. Electrochemical characterization methods (CV, LSV, OCPT, and i-t curves) characterized the efficient electrocatalytic behavior of PAA and revealed the mechanism by which H₂O₂ enhances the electrochemical activity of PAA. Additionally, the EC/PAA system demonstrates effective CBZ removal in the presence of complex water matrices. These findings may provide valuable insights for a better understanding of the potential mechanisms in PAA-based electrochemical systems.

{"title":"Investigation into the reaction mechanism for enhanced peracetic acid catalytic decomposition by coexisting hydrogen peroxide under electrochemical conditions","authors":"Siqi Chen , Zhen Liu , Mengyu Li , Bangxing Ren , Rong Liu , Chuanliang Zhao , Yuhang Liu , Zhe Zhang , Xiaodi Duan , Yao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrochemical activation of peracetic acid (PAA) in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has demonstrated significant potential for contaminant removal in water treatment. However, the role of coexisting H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in the electro-activation process of PAA has been overlooked. This study methodically investigated the crucial synergistic effect of coexisting H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in the EC/PAA process by constructing an electrochemical direct activation PAA (EC/PAA) system. The types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved during the EC/PAA process were determined through quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and the contributions of different radicals were elucidated. Notably, the electrochemical activation of coexisting H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> facilitates a synergistic interaction with PAA, significantly enhancing the steady-state concentration of •OH, thereby promoting the catalytic decomposition of PAA to generate R-O•. In addition, the main generation pathways of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> during the EC/PAA process were systematically elucidated. Electrochemical characterization methods (CV, LSV, OCPT, and i-t curves) characterized the efficient electrocatalytic behavior of PAA and revealed the mechanism by which H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> enhances the electrochemical activity of PAA. Additionally, the EC/PAA system demonstrates effective CBZ removal in the presence of complex water matrices. These findings may provide valuable insights for a better understanding of the potential mechanisms in PAA-based electrochemical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106955"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fault detection of multimode chemical processes using weighted density peak clustering and trend slow feature analysis

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106941

Xiaogang Deng, Meicong Wu, Wenjie Yang, Xiaoguang Tang, Yuping Cao

Modern chemical processes frequently operate under various modes due to the alterations of raw materials and market demands. For monitoring faults in multimode chemical processes more effectively, this paper presents a novel multiple modeling-based fault detection method integrating weighted density peak clustering and trend slow feature analysis (WDPC-TSFA). The proposed method consists of two blocks: mode clustering and statistical modeling. Considering that the traditional density peak clustering (DPC) algorithm often performs poorly when applied to high-dimensional process data, a weighted DPC method is designed which applies larger weights to the important variables contributing significantly to the mode difference, thereby enhancing the accuracy of mode classification. Subsequently, to capture the intrinsic slow features for statistical modeling, a trend slow feature analysis (TSFA) is proposed, which firstly employs the Hodrick–Prescott filter to extract trend components, and then builds an average first order derivative of the extracted trend component for measuring slowness. The TSFA allows for the computation of genuine trend slow features that accurately reflect changes in intrinsic characteristics, resulting in a more reasonable measure of slowness. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using a simulated continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and an industrial hydrocracking reactor. The results demonstrate that the weighted density peak clustering method exhibits higher purity, enabling more accurate division of process mode data. Meanwhile, the TSFA method can extract slower slow features for more effective fault detection.

{"title":"Fault detection of multimode chemical processes using weighted density peak clustering and trend slow feature analysis","authors":"Xiaogang Deng, Meicong Wu, Wenjie Yang, Xiaoguang Tang, Yuping Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern chemical processes frequently operate under various modes due to the alterations of raw materials and market demands. For monitoring faults in multimode chemical processes more effectively, this paper presents a novel multiple modeling-based fault detection method integrating weighted density peak clustering and trend slow feature analysis (WDPC-TSFA). The proposed method consists of two blocks: mode clustering and statistical modeling. Considering that the traditional density peak clustering (DPC) algorithm often performs poorly when applied to high-dimensional process data, a weighted DPC method is designed which applies larger weights to the important variables contributing significantly to the mode difference, thereby enhancing the accuracy of mode classification. Subsequently, to capture the intrinsic slow features for statistical modeling, a trend slow feature analysis (TSFA) is proposed, which firstly employs the Hodrick–Prescott filter to extract trend components, and then builds an average first order derivative of the extracted trend component for measuring slowness. The TSFA allows for the computation of genuine trend slow features that accurately reflect changes in intrinsic characteristics, resulting in a more reasonable measure of slowness. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using a simulated continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and an industrial hydrocracking reactor. The results demonstrate that the weighted density peak clustering method exhibits higher purity, enabling more accurate division of process mode data. Meanwhile, the TSFA method can extract slower slow features for more effective fault detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106941"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonal variations in health risks associated with nitrates and heavy metals in groundwater: A case study of typical regions along the riverside plain in China

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106949

Shen Lin , Panting Zhang , Yifan Xu , Ying Yuan , Kunlong Hui , Jing Su , Wenbing Tan

Groundwater plays a vital role in the water cycle between soil and surface water. Consequently, groundwater pollution directly threatens the surrounding environment and human health. This study aimed to evaluate the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater resources in typical riverside plains in China. The potential health risks associated with increased concentrations of nitrates and heavy metals in groundwater for both adults and children were assessed. We collected and analyzed 84 groundwater samples during both the dry and wet seasons. The analysis revealed 14 distinct hydrochemical types in the groundwater of this region. Among them, HCO₃-Ca and HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg were the two predominant types. The study of nitrogen pollutants revealed that according to the GB/T 14848–2017 Class III water quality standard, the concentration of NO₃^- exceeded the standard (20 mg·L⁻¹) was the most serious, with 40.5 % (wet season) and 28.6 % (dry season) of samples exceeded the standard. NH₄⁺ samples exceeded the standard (0.5 mg·L⁻¹) by 11.9 % (dry season) and 2.3 % (wet season). The average concentrations of heavy metals during both the dry and wet seasons were ranked as follows: Fe > Mn > Cr > Pb > As > Cd > Hg. The average concentrations of NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, and NO₃⁻ are higher during the dry season compared to the wet season, while there is little variation in the heavy metal concentrations in groundwater between the dry and wet seasons. Notably, approximately 30 % of the samples exceeded the standard. The results revealed significant differences in the average nitrates risk index among various population groups in the study area, which were in the following order: infants > children > adult females > adult males. Similarly, significant differences were observed in cancer and non-cancer risks associated with heavy metals in both wet and dry seasons, possibly due to some factors such as rainfall, fertilization, and wastewater discharge. Therefore, government agencies and residents should prioritize addressing the issues of nitrates and heavy metal pollutions in the groundwater.

{"title":"Seasonal variations in health risks associated with nitrates and heavy metals in groundwater: A case study of typical regions along the riverside plain in China","authors":"Shen Lin , Panting Zhang , Yifan Xu , Ying Yuan , Kunlong Hui , Jing Su , Wenbing Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater plays a vital role in the water cycle between soil and surface water. Consequently, groundwater pollution directly threatens the surrounding environment and human health. This study aimed to evaluate the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater resources in typical riverside plains in China. The potential health risks associated with increased concentrations of nitrates and heavy metals in groundwater for both adults and children were assessed. We collected and analyzed 84 groundwater samples during both the dry and wet seasons. The analysis revealed 14 distinct hydrochemical types in the groundwater of this region. Among them, HCO<sub>3</sub>-Ca and HCO<sub>3</sub>·SO<sub>4</sub>-Ca·Mg were the two predominant types. The study of nitrogen pollutants revealed that according to the GB/T 14848–2017 Class III water quality standard, the concentration of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> exceeded the standard (20 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>) was the most serious, with 40.5 % (wet season) and 28.6 % (dry season) of samples exceeded the standard. NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> samples exceeded the standard (0.5 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>) by 11.9 % (dry season) and 2.3 % (wet season). The average concentrations of heavy metals during both the dry and wet seasons were ranked as follows: Fe > Mn > Cr > Pb > As > Cd > Hg. The average concentrations of NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, and NO₃⁻ are higher during the dry season compared to the wet season, while there is little variation in the heavy metal concentrations in groundwater between the dry and wet seasons. Notably, approximately 30 % of the samples exceeded the standard. The results revealed significant differences in the average nitrates risk index among various population groups in the study area, which were in the following order: infants > children > adult females > adult males. Similarly, significant differences were observed in cancer and non-cancer risks associated with heavy metals in both wet and dry seasons, possibly due to some factors such as rainfall, fertilization, and wastewater discharge. Therefore, government agencies and residents should prioritize addressing the issues of nitrates and heavy metal pollutions in the groundwater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106949"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on remediation effect and consolidation behavior of Cu-Zn contaminated clays at vertical profile after bottom vacuum leaching combined with EDTA

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106937

Yajun Wu , Yujie Dong , Xudong Zhang , Hang Cui , Jinhong Wu , Yuncong Sun

Bottom vacuum leaching is an in-situ method for low-permeability contaminated soil, which combines chemical leaching and vacuum preloading. To explore the remediation effect and consolidation behavior of soil after leaching along the depth, bottom vacuum leaching tests and one-dimensional consolidation tests were carried out on the Cu-Zn contaminated clay. The leaching test revealed great variability in the removal rate of different positions after one round of leaching, with a maximum of 23.9 %. After two rounds of leaching, the difference decreased to 5.8 %, and the total removal rate increased greatly, reaching 82.6 % (Cu) and 76.8 % (Zn). After three rounds, the removal rate increased slightly, and the position difference disappeared. The consolidation test indicated that the pore ratio, permeability coefficient, and compression coefficient of different soil positions after leaching show the difference as top > middle > bottom. The consolidation coefficients of the bottom were larger than the top and middle. The above phenomenon is due to differences in vacuum load and the contact times between the eluent and particles, which leads to variations in particle decomposition and migration efficiency. The microscopic test showed that the basic mineral composition of soil samples only changed in relative content after leaching. The number of aggregates decreased, the dispersed fine particles content increased, and the microstructure surface gradually leveled. The research results have reference value for geotechnical property evaluation and reuse after remediation of Cu-Zn contaminated soil by bottom vacuum leaching.

{"title":"Study on remediation effect and consolidation behavior of Cu-Zn contaminated clays at vertical profile after bottom vacuum leaching combined with EDTA","authors":"Yajun Wu , Yujie Dong , Xudong Zhang , Hang Cui , Jinhong Wu , Yuncong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bottom vacuum leaching is an in-situ method for low-permeability contaminated soil, which combines chemical leaching and vacuum preloading. To explore the remediation effect and consolidation behavior of soil after leaching along the depth, bottom vacuum leaching tests and one-dimensional consolidation tests were carried out on the Cu-Zn contaminated clay. The leaching test revealed great variability in the removal rate of different positions after one round of leaching, with a maximum of 23.9 %. After two rounds of leaching, the difference decreased to 5.8 %, and the total removal rate increased greatly, reaching 82.6 % (Cu) and 76.8 % (Zn). After three rounds, the removal rate increased slightly, and the position difference disappeared. The consolidation test indicated that the pore ratio, permeability coefficient, and compression coefficient of different soil positions after leaching show the difference as top > middle > bottom. The consolidation coefficients of the bottom were larger than the top and middle. The above phenomenon is due to differences in vacuum load and the contact times between the eluent and particles, which leads to variations in particle decomposition and migration efficiency. The microscopic test showed that the basic mineral composition of soil samples only changed in relative content after leaching. The number of aggregates decreased, the dispersed fine particles content increased, and the microstructure surface gradually leveled. The research results have reference value for geotechnical property evaluation and reuse after remediation of Cu-Zn contaminated soil by bottom vacuum leaching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106937"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0