Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108584
Xiang Li, Jintao Gao, Xi Lan, Anjun Shi, Zhancheng Guo
Crude lead is a hazardous material containing large amounts of heavy metals. However, due to the outdated equipment of copper removal process, resulting in a large lead loss. In this study, a new method for efficient purification of crude lead to prevent lead loss based on Pb-Cu interface properties and phase separation under supergravity field was proposed. The effect of Cu content in crude lead on the temperature range for Cu phase precipitation was investigated, revealing that as the Cu content increased from 0.5 to 4wt.%, the precipitation temperature range of the Cu phase expanded from 400-330 ℃ to 800-330 ℃. Then, the highly efficient purification of crude lead was all accomplished under 330 ℃ by supergravity separation and the Cu contents were lowered to 0.0718wt.% in the Pb liquid and the Cu phase removal rate reached over 99.9%. In order to reduce the lead loss, the Pb-Cu interface properties and separation process model were investigated, which showed that increasing the temperature in supergravity field could reduce the height of Pb liquid on the surface of the Cu phase. Finally, the Pb-Cu separation behavior was researched, revealing a quantitative relationship between lead loss and Cu content in crude lead and separation temperature. Base on the above results, corresponding copper removal process routes were designed for crude lead with different Cu contents.
{"title":"Efficient purification of crude lead to prevent lead loss based on Pb-Cu interface properties and phase separation under supergravity field","authors":"Xiang Li, Jintao Gao, Xi Lan, Anjun Shi, Zhancheng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108584","url":null,"abstract":"Crude lead is a hazardous material containing large amounts of heavy metals. However, due to the outdated equipment of copper removal process, resulting in a large lead loss. In this study, a new method for efficient purification of crude lead to prevent lead loss based on Pb-Cu interface properties and phase separation under supergravity field was proposed. The effect of Cu content in crude lead on the temperature range for Cu phase precipitation was investigated, revealing that as the Cu content increased from 0.5 to 4<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>wt.%, the precipitation temperature range of the Cu phase expanded from 400-330 ℃ to 800-330 ℃. Then, the highly efficient purification of crude lead was all accomplished under 330 ℃ by supergravity separation and the Cu contents were lowered to 0.0718<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>wt.% in the Pb liquid and the Cu phase removal rate reached over 99.9%. In order to reduce the lead loss, the Pb-Cu interface properties and separation process model were investigated, which showed that increasing the temperature in supergravity field could reduce the height of Pb liquid on the surface of the Cu phase. Finally, the Pb-Cu separation behavior was researched, revealing a quantitative relationship between lead loss and Cu content in crude lead and separation temperature. Base on the above results, corresponding copper removal process routes were designed for crude lead with different Cu contents.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108581
Yu Wang, Fei Wu, Hang Zhang, Zhenyu Ouyang, Yuhua Su, Hailiang Yin, Fanwei Meng, Qiyou Liu
The synergistic effect between microbial-induced corrosion (MIC) and under-deposit corrosion (UDC) presents a significant threat to the integrity of oil pipelines. This study investigates the corrosion behavior of X65 carbon steel under the influence of living microorganisms within pipeline deposits. The experiment was divided into three groups: unsterilized deposit group, sterilized deposit group, and control group. A combination of high-throughput sequencing, quantitative PCR, weight loss measurements, electrochemical tests, and surface characterization revealed that viable microorganisms drastically exacerbate UDC. Live microorganisms significantly enhanced the corrosion rate and maximum pitting depth by approximately 4.1 and 12.8 times, respectively, compared to the sterilized deposit group. Analysis of the microbial community revealed a successional shift, with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), predominantly the genus Desulfovibrio, displacing nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) as the dominant population. The metabolic activity of SRB led to the formation of corrosive FeS and a porous, non-protective corrosion product film, which reduced film resistance (Rf) and accelerated metal dissolution. These findings indicate deposits in oil pipelines exacerbate localized corrosion by promoting the colonization and enrichment of corrosion-promoting microorganisms such as SRBs. Their metabolic products, combined with the resulting corrosion byproducts, further increase the overall burden of the deposits, creating a vicious cycle.
{"title":"Accelerated under-deposit corrosion of X65 steel driven by a vicious microbe-deposit cycle","authors":"Yu Wang, Fei Wu, Hang Zhang, Zhenyu Ouyang, Yuhua Su, Hailiang Yin, Fanwei Meng, Qiyou Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108581","url":null,"abstract":"The synergistic effect between microbial-induced corrosion (MIC) and under-deposit corrosion (UDC) presents a significant threat to the integrity of oil pipelines. This study investigates the corrosion behavior of X65 carbon steel under the influence of living microorganisms within pipeline deposits. The experiment was divided into three groups: unsterilized deposit group, sterilized deposit group, and control group. A combination of high-throughput sequencing, quantitative PCR, weight loss measurements, electrochemical tests, and surface characterization revealed that viable microorganisms drastically exacerbate UDC. Live microorganisms significantly enhanced the corrosion rate and maximum pitting depth by approximately 4.1 and 12.8 times, respectively, compared to the sterilized deposit group. Analysis of the microbial community revealed a successional shift, with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), predominantly the genus <ce:italic>Desulfovibrio</ce:italic>, displacing nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) as the dominant population. The metabolic activity of SRB led to the formation of corrosive FeS and a porous, non-protective corrosion product film, which reduced film resistance (R<ce:inf loc=\"post\">f</ce:inf>) and accelerated metal dissolution. These findings indicate deposits in oil pipelines exacerbate localized corrosion by promoting the colonization and enrichment of corrosion-promoting microorganisms such as SRBs. Their metabolic products, combined with the resulting corrosion byproducts, further increase the overall burden of the deposits, creating a vicious cycle.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The characteristics of pollutant removal, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and microbial community changes in two subsurface wastewater infiltration systems (SWIS), SWIS A (with biochar) and SWIS B (without biochar) under different hydraulic loading rate (HLR) conditions were experimentally studied. The results showed that biochar significantly improved the system's resistance to load shock by adsorbing pollutants and promoting microbial growth. The COD removal rate is maintained above 82%, and biochar promoted nitrogen removal by enriching denitrifying bacteria at low HLR (0.05 ~ 0.10 m3·m-2·d-1). In addition, the aerobic state of low HLR leads to the increase of CO2 and N2O emissions, and the upper anoxic state of high HLR weakens the nitrification, resulting in the accumulation of NH4+-N. Controlling HLR at 0.10 ~ 0.15 m3·m-2·d-1 can effectively achieve the purpose of pollutant removal and GHG emission reduction. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteriota, and at the genus level, Arthrobacter, norank_o_Vicinamibacterales, and norank_c_KD4-96 are the dominant microbial groups primarily responsible for the treatment capacity of the SWIS. Research indicates that COD removal is associated with Myxococcota and norank_o_Gaiellales, while NH4+-N transformation is mainly driven by Firmicutes and Patescibacteria. CO2 and N2O fluxes are closely related to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria such as Ellin6067, whereas CH4 flux is synergistically regulated by Gemmatimonadota (promoting) and Actinobacteriota (inhibiting).
{"title":"Pollutant removal mechanism and greenhouse gas emission reduction strategy of biochar modified subsurface wastewater infiltration system driven by hydraulic load","authors":"Peng Yang, Rongfang Yuan, Shuming Liu, Beihai Zhou, Huilun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108583","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of pollutant removal, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and microbial community changes in two subsurface wastewater infiltration systems (SWIS), SWIS A (with biochar) and SWIS B (without biochar) under different hydraulic loading rate (HLR) conditions were experimentally studied. The results showed that biochar significantly improved the system's resistance to load shock by adsorbing pollutants and promoting microbial growth. The COD removal rate is maintained above 82%, and biochar promoted nitrogen removal by enriching denitrifying bacteria at low HLR (0.05 ~ 0.10 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>·m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-2</ce:sup>·d<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>). In addition, the aerobic state of low HLR leads to the increase of CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O emissions, and the upper anoxic state of high HLR weakens the nitrification, resulting in the accumulation of NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>-N. Controlling HLR at 0.10 ~ 0.15 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>·m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-2</ce:sup>·d<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> can effectively achieve the purpose of pollutant removal and GHG emission reduction. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteriota, and at the genus level, <ce:italic>Arthrobacter</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>norank_o_Vicinamibacterales</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>norank_c_KD4-96</ce:italic> are the dominant microbial groups primarily responsible for the treatment capacity of the SWIS. Research indicates that COD removal is associated with Myxococcota and <ce:italic>norank_o_Gaiellales</ce:italic>, while NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>-N transformation is mainly driven by Firmicutes and Patescibacteria. CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O fluxes are closely related to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria such as <ce:italic>Ellin6067</ce:italic>, whereas CH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> flux is synergistically regulated by Gemmatimonadota (promoting) and Actinobacteriota (inhibiting).","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the precise prediction of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) temperature and effectively prevent coal mine fires, this study proposes a temperature prediction model integrating the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) and Random Forest (RF). Firstly, the gas production characteristics during CSC were analyzed via coal temperature-programmed experiments, and the correlation intensity between temperature and indicator gases at each stage was quantified using the grey relational analysis method. Secondly, SSA was applied to optimize the hyperparameters of the RF model, thus constructing the SSA-RF CSC temperature prediction model. Under the same experimental conditions, the prediction performance of the proposed model was compared with that of five other models. In addition, the applicability of the model was verified using field data collected by the borehole bundle monitoring system. The results show that moisture content exerts a dual effect on the CSC process, an appropriate amount of moisture can promote CSC, while excessively high moisture content will inhibit this process. The mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) of the SSA-RF model are 1.63 °C, 2.64 °C and 0.9974, respectively, indicating that its prediction accuracy is superior to that of the other five comparative models. Meanwhile, the results of feature importance evaluation of the SSA-RF model are highly consistent with those of the grey relational analysis, which verifies the reliability of the model in screening key indicators. Further verification with field data shows that the SSA-RF model still maintains high prediction accuracy, with MAE, RMSE and R2 values of 0.35 °C, 0.45 °C and 0.9898, respectively, demonstrating good engineering applicability.
{"title":"Prediction of Coal Spontaneous Combustion Temperature under Variable Moisture Contents: A Study Based on the Random Forest Model Optimized by the Sparrow Search Algorithm","authors":"Congcong Wu, Gaowei Wang, Tao Song, Tongqiang Xia, Yufei Niu, Feiqiang Guo, Peng Hou, Rabatuly Mukhammedrakhym","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108586","url":null,"abstract":"For the precise prediction of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) temperature and effectively prevent coal mine fires, this study proposes a temperature prediction model integrating the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) and Random Forest (RF). Firstly, the gas production characteristics during CSC were analyzed via coal temperature-programmed experiments, and the correlation intensity between temperature and indicator gases at each stage was quantified using the grey relational analysis method. Secondly, SSA was applied to optimize the hyperparameters of the RF model, thus constructing the SSA-RF CSC temperature prediction model. Under the same experimental conditions, the prediction performance of the proposed model was compared with that of five other models. In addition, the applicability of the model was verified using field data collected by the borehole bundle monitoring system. The results show that moisture content exerts a dual effect on the CSC process, an appropriate amount of moisture can promote CSC, while excessively high moisture content will inhibit this process. The mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>) of the SSA-RF model are 1.63 °C, 2.64 °C and 0.9974, respectively, indicating that its prediction accuracy is superior to that of the other five comparative models. Meanwhile, the results of feature importance evaluation of the SSA-RF model are highly consistent with those of the grey relational analysis, which verifies the reliability of the model in screening key indicators. Further verification with field data shows that the SSA-RF model still maintains high prediction accuracy, with MAE, RMSE and R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> values of 0.35 °C, 0.45 °C and 0.9898, respectively, demonstrating good engineering applicability.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108582
Kyung Taek Heo, JunPyo Cho, Insu Lee, Hyeok Won Lee, Won-Dong Cho, Jaeho Jeong, Hwabong Jeong, Dongjun Park, Yunyeong Kim, Jiyoung Park, Kwang young Park, Hee Taek Kim, Seung Kyu Shin, Jung-Oh Ahn
Sterilizing exhaust gases in industrial fermentation, especially those using genetically modified microorganisms, poses significant biosafety challenges that require effective and cost-efficient solutions. This research methodically enhanced a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma system for treating fermentation exhaust. We developed three iterations: the first was a prototype that proved conceptually viable but exhibited limited flow capacity. The second version improved stability via electrode reconfiguration, although it faced airflow distribution limitations. The final model featured shortened electrodes, vertical alignment, thinner ceramics, and broader fluid pathways, resulting in enhanced discharge uniformity and power efficiency. The optimized system incorporated three modular reactors (90cm × 60cm × 150cm) alongside a condenser and wet scrubber for complete treatment. Testing with Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae achieved 100% sterilization efficiency over 8–24h of continuous operation at a flow rate of 3,000L/min, consuming only 0.8kW of power per module. This modular design provides operational flexibility, requires minimal maintenance, and ensures scalability across various fermentation sizes. We present both a viable industrial bioprocessing solution and foundational design guidelines for scaling plasma technologies, thereby enabling the sterilization of genetically modified microorganisms in line with increasingly stringent environmental regulations.
灭菌工业发酵废气，特别是那些使用转基因微生物，提出了重大的生物安全挑战，需要有效和具有成本效益的解决方案。本研究系统地改进了介质阻挡放电等离子体系统处理发酵废气。我们开发了三次迭代：第一次是一个原型，它在概念上是可行的，但显示出有限的流量。第二个版本通过电极重新配置提高了稳定性，尽管它面临气流分布的限制。最终型号的特点是缩短电极、垂直排列、更薄的陶瓷和更宽的流体通道，从而增强了放电均匀性和功率效率。优化后的系统包括三个模块化反应器（90cm × 60cm × 150cm）以及一个冷凝器和湿式洗涤器，用于完整的处理。以大肠杆菌、谷氨酸杆状杆菌、酿酒酵母为实验材料，在3000 l /min的流量下，连续运行8-24h，灭菌率达到100%，每个模块的功耗仅为0.8kW。这种模块化设计提供了操作灵活性，需要最少的维护，并确保了各种发酵规模的可扩展性。我们提出了可行的工业生物处理解决方案和缩放等离子体技术的基本设计指南，从而使转基因微生物的灭菌符合日益严格的环境法规。
{"title":"Dielectric barrier discharge plasma system for sterilizing exhaust gas from microbial fermentation processes","authors":"Kyung Taek Heo, JunPyo Cho, Insu Lee, Hyeok Won Lee, Won-Dong Cho, Jaeho Jeong, Hwabong Jeong, Dongjun Park, Yunyeong Kim, Jiyoung Park, Kwang young Park, Hee Taek Kim, Seung Kyu Shin, Jung-Oh Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108582","url":null,"abstract":"Sterilizing exhaust gases in industrial fermentation, especially those using genetically modified microorganisms, poses significant biosafety challenges that require effective and cost-efficient solutions. This research methodically enhanced a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma system for treating fermentation exhaust. We developed three iterations: the first was a prototype that proved conceptually viable but exhibited limited flow capacity. The second version improved stability via electrode reconfiguration, although it faced airflow distribution limitations. The final model featured shortened electrodes, vertical alignment, thinner ceramics, and broader fluid pathways, resulting in enhanced discharge uniformity and power efficiency. The optimized system incorporated three modular reactors (90<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>cm × 60<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>cm × 150<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>cm) alongside a condenser and wet scrubber for complete treatment. Testing with <ce:italic>Escherichia coli</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>Corynebacterium glutamicum</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</ce:italic> achieved 100% sterilization efficiency over 8–24<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>h of continuous operation at a flow rate of 3,000<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>L/min, consuming only 0.8<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>kW of power per module. This modular design provides operational flexibility, requires minimal maintenance, and ensures scalability across various fermentation sizes. We present both a viable industrial bioprocessing solution and foundational design guidelines for scaling plasma technologies, thereby enabling the sterilization of genetically modified microorganisms in line with increasingly stringent environmental regulations.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"284 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108577
D Premkumar, Ravikumar Jayabal, K R Padmavathi, Prajith Prabakar
This study aims to develop a sustainable multi-fuel strategy for diesel engines by examining the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of industrial chicken-fat biodiesel (B100) enriched with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2-EH) and supplemented with ammonia (NH3) fumigation. The objective is to overcome limitations of neat biodiesel, such as high viscosity, low volatility, and incomplete combustion, while enhancing overall engine efficiency. Five test fuels (D100, B100, 2-EH5%B100+NH3 5lpm, 2-EH10%B100+NH3 5lpm, 2-EH15%B100+NH3 5lpm) were evaluated in a single-cylinder diesel engine operating at 1500rpm under five brake-load conditions (0-100%). Combustion parameters, performance metrics and emissions were measured. NH3 fumigation was supplied at 5 lpm using a controlled intake-manifold system. Combustion analysis demonstrated that B100 exhibited weaker premixed combustion than D100, as evidenced by lower in-cylinder pressure and heat-release rate (HRR) peaks. Under full load conditions, the blend 2-EH15%B100+NH3 5lpm achieved the greatest combustion, with in-cylinder pressure around 48.05% higher than B100 and 3.22% higher than D100. The maximum HRR was nearly 70% greater than B100 and about 6.7% higher than D100, indicating intensified premixed heat release near top dead centre. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 14.8% compared with B100 and 3.7% over diesel, while brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) decreased by 28.7% relative to B100. Significant emissions reductions in carbon monoxide (CO) by 37.5%, hydrocarbon (HC) by 11.1%, and smoke opacity by 35.3% were observed compared with B100. However, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions increased by 33.1%, attributed to enhanced premixed combustion and higher in-cylinder temperatures. The synergistic combination of waste-derived biodiesel, higher alcohol, and NH3 fumigation enhances combustion phasing, improves thermal efficiency, and substantially lowers major pollutants except NOx. Although the strategy introduces a NOx penalty, it demonstrates strong potential for cleaner, more efficient diesel-engine operation and may be further optimized through future NOx mitigation technologies.
{"title":"Ammonia-Assisted Combustion of Alcohol-Enriched Chicken Fat Biodiesel: Experimental Investigation of a Multi-Fuel Strategy in Diesel Engines","authors":"D Premkumar, Ravikumar Jayabal, K R Padmavathi, Prajith Prabakar","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108577","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop a sustainable multi-fuel strategy for diesel engines by examining the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of industrial chicken-fat biodiesel (B100) enriched with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2-EH) and supplemented with ammonia (NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>) fumigation. The objective is to overcome limitations of neat biodiesel, such as high viscosity, low volatility, and incomplete combustion, while enhancing overall engine efficiency. Five test fuels (D100, B100, 2-EH5%B100+NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> 5lpm, 2-EH10%B100+NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> 5lpm, 2-EH15%B100+NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> 5lpm) were evaluated in a single-cylinder diesel engine operating at 1500<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>rpm under five brake-load conditions (0-100%). Combustion parameters, performance metrics and emissions were measured. NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> fumigation was supplied at 5 lpm using a controlled intake-manifold system. Combustion analysis demonstrated that B100 exhibited weaker premixed combustion than D100, as evidenced by lower in-cylinder pressure and heat-release rate (HRR) peaks. Under full load conditions, the blend 2-EH15%B100+NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> 5lpm achieved the greatest combustion, with in-cylinder pressure around 48.05% higher than B100 and 3.22% higher than D100. The maximum HRR was nearly 70% greater than B100 and about 6.7% higher than D100, indicating intensified premixed heat release near top dead centre. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 14.8% compared with B100 and 3.7% over diesel, while brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) decreased by 28.7% relative to B100. Significant emissions reductions in carbon monoxide (CO) by 37.5%, hydrocarbon (HC) by 11.1%, and smoke opacity by 35.3% were observed compared with B100. However, oxides of nitrogen (NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>) emissions increased by 33.1%, attributed to enhanced premixed combustion and higher in-cylinder temperatures. The synergistic combination of waste-derived biodiesel, higher alcohol, and NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> fumigation enhances combustion phasing, improves thermal efficiency, and substantially lowers major pollutants except NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>. Although the strategy introduces a NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf> penalty, it demonstrates strong potential for cleaner, more efficient diesel-engine operation and may be further optimized through future NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf> mitigation technologies.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reaction at the Positive Electrode on Al Foil of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Alkaline Water and Related Reactions in the Coexistence of Halide Ions","authors":"Kouji Yasuda, Ikuo Takemura, Ryota Domyo, Akihiro Kishimoto, Tetsuya Uda","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108551","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"312 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable production of construction geomaterials from waste slurry through an optimized low-carbon dewatering–solidification process","authors":"Silin Wu, Shutong Dong, Wenwen Ding, Xiaohui Sun, Qi Zheng, Kaili Wu, Yongzheng Qi, Zhongping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108569","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of Iodine Concentration and Chemical Speciation Techniques for Containment Safety Applications","authors":"Jiaxuan Tang, Jialong Li, Luteng Zhang, Liangming Pan, Kian Jon Chua, Yongzheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108574","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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