Process Safety and Environmental Protection最新文献

Activation of bio-oil with or without pre-carbonization makes marked difference in pore development 生物油活化时是否进行预碳化会对孔隙发育产生明显影响

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.046

Xin Zhong , Chao Li , Yuewen Shao , Lijun Zhang , Shu Zhang , Xun Hu

Bio-oil, a major product from biomass pyrolysis, is a renewable source for production of functional carbon materials such as activated carbon (AC). Bio-oil can be activated directly via mixing with an activator or be pre-carbonized followed by subsequent activation. These two processes feature with distinct reaction network and might affect pore characteristics in different ways. This was investigated herein by direct activation of bio-oil or biochar from pre-carbonization of bio-oil using K₂C₂O₄ or KOH as the activator at 800 ºC. The results indicated that bio-oil was pre-carbonized into biochar at 500 ºC improved yields of AC (83.6 % versus 17.5 % from direct activation of bio-oil with K₂C₂O₄) through enhanced aromatic degree and resistivity to cracking. This also diminished specific surface area of resulting AC (716.3 versus 1035.5 m²g⁻¹ from direct activation). Much more intensive cracking reactions in direct activation of bio-oil with K₂C₂O₄ were confirmed with in-situ IR technique. This not only formed AC of more developed pore structures, especially more mesopores/macropores, but also generated gases as dominate product (yield: 74.5 %). Similar result was observed from activation with KOH, but KOH was more effective than K₂C₂O₄ for cracking. This, however, did not result in AC of more developed pore structures, as the K₂CO₃ derived from KOH tended to be wrapped with organics in direct activation of bio-oil and was difficult to be washed away, blocking pores generated.

生物油是生物质热解的主要产物，是生产活性炭（AC）等功能碳材料的可再生来源。生物油可以通过与活化剂混合直接活化，也可以在预碳化后再进行活化。这两个过程具有不同的反应网络，可能会以不同的方式影响孔隙特性。本文使用 K2C2O4 或 KOH 作为活化剂，在 800 ºC 温度下直接活化生物油或生物炭。结果表明，生物油在 500 ºC 下预碳化成生物炭后，通过提高芳香度和抗裂性，提高了交流电的产率（83.6%，而用 K2C2O4 直接活化生物油的产率为 17.5%）。这也减小了所得 AC 的比表面积（716.3 平方米/1，而直接活化为 1035.5 平方米/1）。原位红外技术证实，在用 K2C2O4 直接活化生物油时，裂解反应更为剧烈。这不仅形成了孔隙结构更发达的 AC，尤其是更多的中孔/宏孔，而且还产生了气体作为主要产物（产率：74.5%）。用 KOH 活化也观察到了类似的结果，但 KOH 比 K2C2O4 的裂解效果更好。但是，这并没有产生更发达的孔隙结构，因为在生物油的直接活化过程中，从 KOH 中提取的 K2CO3 往往被有机物包裹，很难被洗掉，从而堵塞了产生的孔隙。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the influence of operating parameters of plug flow on thermal efficiency of direct absorption solar collector with Fe3O4 nanofluid 塞流运行参数对使用 Fe3O4 纳米流体的直接吸收式太阳能集热器热效率影响的实验研究

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.033

Yijie Tong , Ruijin Wang , Shifeng Wang , Zefei Zhu

In this paper, the influence of operating parameters of plug flow on thermal efficiency of direct absorption solar collector (DASC) using Fe₃O₄ nanofluid (0.05–0.2 wt%) was experimentally studied, the DASC is a device that directly converts sunlight into heat by using a working fluid with high thermal conductivity. As a result, the outlet temperature and efficiency of DASC was affected by the ratio of length of liquid plug to the inner diameter of the tube, the working time of air compressor, the mass flow rate, the inlet temperature, solar radiation and concentration of the Fe₃O₄ nanofluid. When the plug flow mode was implemented, the energy gained and stored exhibited a notable enhancement compared to the regular flow mode. Furthermore, the DASC exhibited the highest efficiency when the L/D were 1.7 which was 27.7 % higher than that of regular flow mode. In addition, the inlet temperature was inversely proportional to the efficiency cause the heat loss to the environment.The maximum performance of the direct absorption solar collector was obtained when 0.1 wt% Fe₃O₄ nanofluid was used as the working fluid with plug flow mode.

本文实验研究了塞流工作参数对使用 Fe3O4 纳米流体（0.05-0.2 wt%）的直接吸收式太阳能集热器（DASC）热效率的影响，DASC 是一种利用高导热率工作流体将太阳光直接转化为热能的装置。因此，液塞长度与管内径之比、空气压缩机工作时间、质量流量、入口温度、太阳辐射和 Fe3O4 纳米流体的浓度都会影响 DASC 的出口温度和效率。与普通流动模式相比，采用塞流模式时，获得和储存的能量明显增加。此外，当 L/D 值为 1.7 时，DASC 的效率最高，比常规流动模式高 27.7%。此外，当使用 0.1 wt% 的 Fe3O4 纳米流体作为塞流模式的工作流体时，直接吸收式太阳能集热器的性能达到最高。

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引用次数: 0

Continuous bioethanol production from glucose-rich hydrolysate derived from wheat straw using a unique fed-batch cultivation method in a bioreactor 在生物反应器中采用独特的喂料-分批培养方法，从小麦秸秆中提取富含葡萄糖的水解物，连续生产生物乙醇

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.047

Pritam Singh, Pratibha Gangwar, Nikhil Kumar, Sanjoy Ghosh

The present study provides solutions to the bioethanol industry’s main issues of the absence of production of maximum fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass, the unsuitability of a single microorganism to convert the fermentable sugars (xylose and glucose) together to bioethanol, and the unavailability of fermentation technique to run the process unlimitedly with consistent yield and productivity. A novel fractional acid hydrolysis technology was demonstrated in this study, which produced more than 90 % (w/w) of available glucose in wheat straw as glucose-rich hydrolysate (GRH). This hydrolysate was then made acid-free using a membrane-based acid separation unit to reuse the separated acid to make the hydrolysis process environmentally safe and chemically inexpensive. Thereafter, this acid-free GRH was fermented to bioethanol using a unique constant volume fed-batch fermentation technique under an optimum glucose-feeding strategy. Remarkably, this fermentation technique yielded optimal average bioethanol productivity (g/Lh), yield (g/g), and titer (g/L) of 7.147±0.533, 0.508±0.002, and 58.835±0.766; 5.722±0.529, 0.501±0.006, and 33.748±0.322, respectively, with more than 99 % glucose utilization during ten fed-batch cycles of synthetic and GRH glucose. Notably, the high production of GRH from lignocellulosic biomass, acid separation and reuse, and continuous and consistent bioethanol production sets this study apart as a pioneering endeavor. Furthermore, the bioethanol profit of USD 0.019/kg biomass from the second batch onwards at a bioethanol selling price of USD 0.745/L suggests the feasibility of the current study for industrial-scale bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.

本研究为生物乙醇行业的主要问题提供了解决方案，这些问题包括：无法从木质纤维素生物质中生产出最大的可发酵糖；单一微生物无法将可发酵糖（木糖和葡萄糖）一并转化为生物乙醇；发酵技术无法无限制地以稳定的产量和生产率运行该过程。本研究展示了一种新型的分段酸水解技术，该技术可将小麦秸秆中超过 90% （重量比）的可用葡萄糖水解为富含葡萄糖的水解物（GRH）。然后，利用基于膜的酸分离装置将这种水解物制成无酸水解物，对分离出的酸进行再利用，使水解过程既环保又廉价。之后，在最佳葡萄糖喂料策略下，采用独特的恒量喂料批量发酵技术将这种无酸 GRH 发酵成生物乙醇。值得注意的是，这种发酵技术在合成葡萄糖和 GRH 葡萄糖的十次喂料批次循环中，获得了最佳的平均生物乙醇生产率（g/Lh）、产率（g/g）和滴度（g/L），分别为 7.147±0.533、0.508±0.002 和 58.835±0.766；5.722±0.529、0.501±0.006 和 33.748±0.322，葡萄糖利用率超过 99%。值得注意的是，从木质纤维素生物质中高产 GRH、酸分离和再利用，以及连续稳定的生物乙醇生产，使这项研究成为一项开创性的工作。此外，在生物乙醇售价为 0.745 美元/升的情况下，从第二批开始，生物乙醇利润为 0.019 美元/千克生物质，这表明本研究具有利用木质纤维素生物质进行工业规模生物乙醇生产的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Recycling gold mine tailings into eco-friendly backfill material for a coal mine goaf: Performance insights, hydration mechanism, and engineering applications 将金矿尾矿回收利用为煤矿巷道的环保回填材料：性能见解、水化机理和工程应用

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.045

Tianhua Wu , Yongtao Gao , Maowei Ji , Jingkui Zhou , Changfu Huang , Meng Zhang , Yulong Zou , Yu Zhou

Recycling gold mine overflow tailings for coal mine filling is crucial for sustainable mining. In this work, an eco-friendly, performance-controllable overflow tailings-fly ash-based backfill material is developed for coal mine filling. The effects of three critical factors, namely, the slurry concentration (SC), cement-sand ratio (C:S), and tailings-fly ash ratio (T:F), on the workability and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) properties of the novel backfill material are thoroughly investigated, and an optimization of the corresponding formulation is conducted. The optimal formula for the backfill is determined to be a CS of 60 %, a C:S of 0.10, and a T:F of 6:6. The hydration mechanism of the chosen typical mixtures is analyzed via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the results show that a needle-like Aft gel, identified as the major gelatinous product, is intricately intertwined to create an intricate network structure. As the T:F increases, the content of calcium and silicon oxide initially decreases but then increases, and the optimal mixture reaches a minimum value of 63.66 %. The optimum specimen exhibits a peak wavenumber at 1109.46 cm⁻¹ involving a Si-O stretching vibration bond. A comprehensive filling program at the Liangjia Coal Mine is successfully implemented. Approximately 0.27 tons of overflow tailings are utilized for every ton of backfills. The underground core-pulling backfill achieves a peak uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of 7.56 MPa after 28 d, surpassing design requirements and showing promise for coal mine filling applications. This study is expected to achieve the transformation of a coal mine goaf into a gold mine tailings pond.

回收利用金矿溢流尾矿用于煤矿充填对可持续采矿至关重要。本研究开发了一种生态友好、性能可控的溢流尾矿-粉煤灰基回填材料，用于煤矿充填。深入研究了泥浆浓度（SC）、水泥-砂比（C:S）和尾矿-粉煤灰比（T:F）这三个关键因素对新型回填材料工作性和单轴抗压强度（UCS）性能的影响，并对相应配方进行了优化。确定回填材料的最佳配方为：CS 为 60%，C:S 为 0.10，T:F 为 6:6。通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 分析了所选典型混合物的水合机制，结果表明针状 Aft 凝胶是主要的胶状产物，它错综复杂地交织在一起，形成了错综复杂的网络结构。随着 T:F 的增加，钙和氧化硅的含量最初会减少，但随后会增加，最佳混合物的最小值为 63.66%。最佳试样在 1109.46 cm-1 处显示了一个涉及 Si-O 伸展振动键的峰值波长。梁家煤矿成功实施了综合充填计划。每回填一吨溢流尾矿，就可利用约 0.27 吨溢流尾矿。井下抽芯回填 28 d 后的单轴抗压强度（UCS）峰值达到 7.56 MPa，超过了设计要求，显示了煤矿充填应用的前景。这项研究有望实现煤矿围岩到金矿尾矿库的转变。

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引用次数: 0

A non-isothermal kinetic study on the extraction of metals from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries using the NH2SO3H roasting process 利用 NH2SO3H 焙烧工艺从磷酸铁锂电池废液中提取金属的非等温动力学研究

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.043

Zhenning Liu , Zhenan Jin , Linlin Tong , Jiangping Huang , Tenghao Yang

The non-isothermal kinetics of retired lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) battery powder and amino sulfonic acid (NH₂SO₃H) roasting were studied using TG-DSC. The results show that there are three stages of weight loss: loss of adsorbed water, decomposition and reaction of NH₂SO₃H (stage Ⅱ), and formation and growth of Li and Fe sulfate nuclei (stage Ⅲ). The apparent activation energy (E) and pre-exponential factor (ln(A)) of NH₂SO₃H decomposition and reaction were 159.85 kJ/mol and 32.02 S⁻¹, respectively. Similarly, the apparent E and ln(A) formed by Li and Fe sulfate were 113.89 kJ/mol and 11.55 S⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, the formation of new phases in the second stage reaction is controlled by nucleation and growth. The nucleation and growth of Li and Fe sulfates in the third stage not only occur at this stage, but their rates are also controlled by diffusion. The dynamic equations for the second and third stages are as follows:

[{- \ln (1 - α)]}^{\frac{1}{3}}

=8.06

\times 10^{13}

exp(-

\frac{1.60 \times 10^{5}}{RT}

)t

[{- \ln (1 - α)]}^{\frac{2}{3}}

=1.04

\times 10^{5}

exp(-

\frac{1.14 \times 10^{5}}{RT}

)t

利用 TG-DSC 研究了退役磷酸铁锂（LiFePO4）电池粉和氨基磺酸（NH2SO3H）焙烧的非等温动力学。结果表明，重量损失分为三个阶段：吸附水的损失、NH2SO3H 的分解和反应（第Ⅱ阶段）、硫酸锂和硫酸铁核的形成和生长（第Ⅲ阶段）。NH2SO3H 分解和反应的表观活化能（E）和前指数（ln(A)）分别为 159.85 kJ/mol 和 32.02 S-1。同样，硫酸锂和硫酸铁形成的表观 E 和 ln(A) 分别为 113.89 kJ/mol 和 11.55 S-1。此外，第二阶段反应中新相的形成受成核和生长的控制。硫酸锂和硫酸铁在第三阶段的成核和生长不仅发生在这一阶段，而且其速率也受扩散控制。第二和第三阶段的动态方程如下：

{"title":"A non-isothermal kinetic study on the extraction of metals from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries using the NH2SO3H roasting process","authors":"Zhenning Liu , Zhenan Jin , Linlin Tong , Jiangping Huang , Tenghao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The non-isothermal kinetics of retired lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO<sub>4</sub>) battery powder and amino sulfonic acid (NH<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>H) roasting were studied using TG-DSC. The results show that there are three stages of weight loss: loss of adsorbed water, decomposition and reaction of NH<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>H (stage Ⅱ), and formation and growth of Li and Fe sulfate nuclei (stage Ⅲ). The apparent activation energy (E) and pre-exponential factor (ln(A)) of NH<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>H decomposition and reaction were 159.85 kJ/mol and 32.02 S<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Similarly, the apparent E and ln(A) formed by Li and Fe sulfate were 113.89 kJ/mol and 11.55 S<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Furthermore, the formation of new phases in the second stage reaction is controlled by nucleation and growth. The nucleation and growth of Li and Fe sulfates in the third stage not only occur at this stage, but their rates are also controlled by diffusion. The dynamic equations for the second and third stages are as follows:</div><div><span><math><mrow><mo>[</mo><msup><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>ln</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>=8.06<span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>13</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>exp(-<span><math><mfrac><mrow><mn>1.60</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><mi>RT</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span>)t</div><div><span><math><mrow><mo>[</mo><msup><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>ln</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>=1.04<span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>exp(-<span><math><mfrac><mrow><mn>1.14</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><mi>RT</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span>)t</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new co-production (biogas& biodiesel) plant under a microalgae-to-biofuel process designed under a hydrothermal disintegration/ deep eutectic solvent process 根据水热分解/深共晶溶剂工艺设计的微藻生物燃料工艺下的新型联合生产（沼气和生物柴油）工厂

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.016

Zhenlan Dou , Chunyan Zhang , Dongmin Yu , Zihua Ye , Songcen Wang , Siyuan Fan

Microalgae-to-biofuel process can be introduced as one of the promising alternatives to non-renewable resources due to its outstanding advantages. However, the industrial feasibility of employing deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for pretreatment of microalgae remains a relatively uncharted territory, which had been acknowledged as a noteworthy research gap in the literature. The purpose of the article is to develop life cycle and energetic analyzes of a co-production (biogas& biodiesel) plant under a microalgae-to-biofuel process. The proposed biofuel production process is based on a hydrothermal disintegration (HD)/DES cycle. An in-depth analysis and comparison between HD/DES of microalgae for the concurrent production and the conventional HD process is developed. Additionally, the effectiveness of recrystallization and membrane filtration for DES recovery was developed. Finally, the sensitivity analyses, focusing on variables like lipid recovery, DES usage quantity, the efficiency of DES recovery, and biogas yield, are provided. When compared to traditional HD, the incorporation of DES during HD led to a substantial 36.8 % improvement in energy output. However, this came at the cost of higher energy input, resulting in a rise in ratio of net energy by 28 %, primarily due to the energy-intensive nature of DES synthesis. Additionally, the introduction of DES contributed to a slight increase in overall released GHG, from −25.86–25.72 g CO₂ (eq.) per MJ. Notably, a combination approach involving both membrane filtration and recrystallization yielded promising results, achieving a low ratio of net energy of 0.46 and even negative overall released GHG. The sensitivity analyses findings emphasized the need for reducing energy utilization in DES synthesis and addressing more energy-efficient recovery processes to further enhance the HD/DES process's environmental performance and energy efficiency. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing the co-production plant under a microalgae-to-biofuel process through HD/DES, highlighting avenues for sustainability improvements in this promising approach.

微藻生物燃料工艺因其突出的优势，可作为不可再生资源的有前途的替代品之一。然而，采用深共晶溶剂（DES）对微藻进行预处理的工业可行性仍然是一个相对未知的领域，这已被公认为文献中一个值得注意的研究空白。本文旨在对微藻制生物燃料工艺下的联合生产（沼气和生物柴油）工厂进行生命周期和能量分析。拟议的生物燃料生产工艺基于水热分解（HD）/DES 循环。深入分析和比较了用于同时生产的微藻 HD/DES 与传统 HD 工艺。此外，还分析了重结晶和膜过滤对 DES 回收的有效性。最后，对脂质回收、DES 用量、DES 回收效率和沼气产量等变量进行了敏感性分析。与传统的 HD 相比，在 HD 期间加入 DES 使能源产出大幅提高了 36.8%。然而，这是以更高的能源投入为代价的，导致净能源比率上升了 28%，这主要是由于 DES 合成具有能源密集型的特点。此外，DES 的引入还导致温室气体的总体排放量略有增加，从每兆焦耳-25.86-25.72 克二氧化碳（当量）不等。值得注意的是，同时采用膜过滤和重结晶的组合方法取得了可喜的成果，实现了 0.46 的低净能比率，释放的温室气体总量甚至为负值。敏感性分析结果表明，有必要降低 DES 合成过程中的能源利用率，并采用能效更高的回收工艺，以进一步提高 HD/DES 工艺的环保性能和能源效率。本研究为通过 HD/DES 优化微藻生物燃料工艺下的联合生产工厂提供了宝贵的见解，并强调了这一前景广阔的方法的可持续性改进途径。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of core-shell structure design on the preparation of oil-contaminated soil ceramsite and the pollutant decomposition effect 核壳结构设计对石油污染土壤陶瓷石制备及污染物分解效果的影响

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.039

Wukui Zheng , Jinfeng Sun , Tian Cui , Yingying Hu , Yuxuan Yang , Hui Li

With the growing severity of oil-contaminated soil, its remediation technology has received increased attention. In this study, oil-contaminated soil is granulated into a core, covered with a layer of clean material, and sintered at a high temperature to make a core-shell structured ceramsite that can be used as building aggregates. The results showed that the cylinder compression strength, bulk density and 1 h water absorption of the sintered core-shell structure ceramsite is 9.1 MPa, 1134 kg/m³ and 4.36 %. Furthermore, in comparison with the conventional ceramsite, the core-shell structure process generated 26.9 % more CO₂. This indicates that the design of the core-shell structure makes it easier for the organic gases in the oil-contaminated soil to crack and release CO₂ and H₂O, reducing the tail gas pollution problem. After the process, the alkane organic matter in the ceramsite was removed, and the C content was significantly reduced. This method provides a new approach for the preparation of ceramsite for organic contaminated soil.

随着石油污染土壤问题的日益严重，其修复技术也受到越来越多的关注。在这项研究中，将油污染土壤颗粒化成核，再覆盖一层清洁材料，然后在高温下烧结，制成可用作建筑骨料的核壳结构陶瓷石。结果表明，烧结核壳结构陶瓷土的圆柱体压缩强度、体积密度和 1 h 吸水率分别为 9.1 MPa、1134 kg/m3 和 4.36 %。此外，与传统陶瓷相比，核壳结构工艺多产生了 26.9 % 的二氧化碳。这表明，核壳结构的设计使石油污染土壤中的有机气体更容易裂解并释放出 CO2 和 H2O，从而减少了尾气污染问题。工艺完成后，陶瓷石中的烷烃类有机物被去除，C 含量明显降低。该方法为有机污染土壤陶瓷石的制备提供了一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Selective recovery of lithium from aqueous solution with hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based on quantum chemical calculations and experimental investigation 基于量子化学计算和实验研究的疏水性深共晶溶剂对水溶液中锂的选择性回收

IF 7.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.040

Ke Xue, Hai Liu, Dingchao Fan, Yu Wang, Wenguang Zhu, Zhaoyou Zhu, Jianguang Qi, Yinglong Wang, Peizhe Cui

Developing green and efficient extractants for selectively recovering lithium from salt lake brine is beneficial for alleviating the increasingly growing demand for lithium resources. This study developed a novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) for selective recovery of Li+ from simulated salt lake brine solutions. Under the optimal experimental parameters, the single extraction efficiency of Li+ was 70.18 %, β (Li+/ Na+) and β (Li+/Mg2+) were 22.32 and 947.58, respectively. Cycle experiments verified the high stability and good cycle performance of HDES. The conditions affecting the extraction efficiency of Li⁺ were optimized through experiments, and the high stability and good cyclic performance of HDES were verified. The extraction ability and mechanism of HDES for different metal ions were studied based on FTIR spectra combined with density functional theory. The calculation results showed that the order of extraction capacity of HDES for metal ions was: Li+>Na+>Mg2+. This calculation results were identical to the experimental results. This research will help develop HDES for the selective recovery of lithium from aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of Mg2+, helping to address the urgent global demand for lithium resources.

开发从盐湖卤水中选择性回收锂的绿色高效萃取剂有利于缓解日益增长的锂资源需求。本研究开发了一种新型疏水性深共晶溶剂（HDES），用于从模拟盐湖卤水溶液中选择性回收 Li+。在最佳实验参数下，Li+的单次萃取效率为70.18%，β（Li+/ Na+）和β（Li+/Mg2+）分别为22.32和947.58。循环实验验证了 HDES 的高稳定性和良好的循环性能。通过实验优化了影响 Li⁺ 提取效率的条件，验证了 HDES 的高稳定性和良好的循环性能。基于傅立叶变换红外光谱和密度泛函理论，研究了 HDES 对不同金属离子的萃取能力和机理。计算结果表明，HDES 对金属离子的萃取能力顺序为Li+>Na+>Mg2+。这一计算结果与实验结果完全一致。这项研究将有助于开发从含高浓度 Mg2+ 的水溶液中选择性回收锂的 HDES，从而帮助解决全球对锂资源的迫切需求。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial and temporal variation in energy-based carbon dioxide emissions and their predictions at city scale in future, China 中国基于能源的二氧化碳排放的时空变化及其未来城市尺度的预测

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.032

Yuxin Xie , Ran Liu , Min Fan

In this study, following the calculation of energy-based CO₂ emissions at the provincial scale, a downscaling method is employed to derive CO₂ emissions at city scale in China. Subsequently, an innovative model is developed to forecast CO₂ emissions for each city from 2020 to 2030. Our findings suggest that: (1) High CO₂ emission provinces and cities are primarily situated in the North China Plain and coastal regions. (2) There exists a distinct linear relationship between energy-based CO₂ emissions and nighttime lights (NTLs) across provinces on an annual scale. (3) Between 2020 and 2030, the emergence of high CO₂ emission regions in central and western China is anticipated, and a predicted decline in CO₂ emissions for 70 cities over this period. The methodology outlined in this study can be adapted for use in other countries and regions to assist local governments in formulating policies for carbon reduction and addressing climate change.

在本研究中，在计算了以能源为基础的省级二氧化碳排放量后，采用了降尺度方法得出中国城市尺度的二氧化碳排放量。随后，我们建立了一个创新模型来预测每个城市 2020 年至 2030 年的二氧化碳排放量。我们的研究结果表明(1）二氧化碳排放量高的省市主要位于华北平原和沿海地区。(2) 各省每年的能源型二氧化碳排放量与夜间照明（NTLs）之间存在明显的线性关系。(3) 2020 年至 2030 年，预计中国中西部将出现二氧化碳高排放区，在此期间，预计 70 个城市的二氧化碳排放量将下降。本研究中概述的方法可用于其他国家和地区，以协助地方政府制定碳减排和应对气候变化的政策。

引用次数: 0

Enhanced H2S removal efficiency using CuO/Al2O3 catalyst impregnated with Ca(NO3)2: Influence of calcination temperature and mechanistic insights 使用浸渍 Ca（NO3）2 的 CuO/Al2O3 催化剂提高 H2S 去除效率：煅烧温度的影响和机理认识

IF 7.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.036

Mengxue Yin, Suresh C. Pillai, Hailong Wang, Feiyue Fan, Hong Hou

A series of Ca(NO3)2-CuxO/Al2O3 catalysts with different calcination temperatures were designed to remove H2S effectively. Experimental and characterization results indicate that the calcination temperature can influence the catalyst's specific surface area, basic sites, and oxygen vacancies (VOs) concentration, thereby promoting its desulfurization performance. The Ca(NO3)2-CuxO/Al2O3 catalyst, calcined at 230 °C, exhibits an optimal surface structure. It demonstrates optimal H2S desulfurization performance at a temperature of 60 °C and relative humidity of 60 %, achieving a removal capacity of 486.67 mg/g. The VOs in CuxO (CuO and Cu2O) induce a unique catalytic of H2O, which generates hydroxy radicals (·OH) to oxidize the H2S anion to S. The introduction of Ca2+ provides basic sites to buffer pH, and NO3- with H+ removes H2S through cyclic oxidation, significantly enhancing the desulfurization performance of the Cu-based catalyst. The CaO-CuxO/Al2O3 catalyst, calcined at 700 °C, suffers from a deteriorated catalyst structure, leading to the rapid formation of desulfurization by-products due to the presence of CaO covering the catalyst surface. This diminishes the effectiveness of Cu, significantly impairing the catalyst's desulfurization performance (150.47 mg/g). Consequently, desulfurization mechanisms of Ca(NO3)2-CuxO/Al2O3 and CaO-CuxO/Al2O3 are proposed, offering effective strategies for the design and optimization of subsequent high-efficiency catalysts.

为了有效去除 H2S，我们设计了一系列不同煅烧温度的 Ca(NO3)2-CuxO/Al2O3 催化剂。实验和表征结果表明，煅烧温度可影响催化剂的比表面积、碱性位点和氧空位（VOs）浓度，从而促进其脱硫性能。在 230 °C 煅烧的 Ca(NO3)2-CuxO/Al2O3 催化剂具有最佳的表面结构。在温度为 60 ℃、相对湿度为 60 % 的条件下，它表现出最佳的 H2S 脱硫性能，脱硫能力达到 486.67 mg/g。CuxO 中的 VO（CuO 和 Cu2O）诱导 H2O 生成羟基自由基（-OH），将 H2S 阴离子氧化为 S。Ca2+ 的引入提供了缓冲 pH 值的碱性位点，NO3- 与 H+ 通过循环氧化作用去除 H2S，显著提高了 Cu 基催化剂的脱硫性能。在 700 °C 煅烧的 CaO-CuxO/Al2O3 催化剂由于催化剂表面覆盖有 CaO，催化剂结构恶化，导致脱硫副产物的快速形成。这降低了 Cu 的有效性，严重影响了催化剂的脱硫性能（150.47 mg/g）。因此，提出了 Ca(NO3)2-CuxO/Al2O3 和 CaO-CuxO/Al2O3 的脱硫机理，为后续高效催化剂的设计和优化提供了有效策略。

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