Key prognostic factors in transarterial chemoembolization combined with sorafenib treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide, with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) worsening its prognosis and complicating management. The combination of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and the targeted agent sorafenib has been proposed to improve treatment outcomes. This study investigates the prognostic factors influencing the effectiveness of this combined treatment in HCC patients with PVTT.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 299 patients diagnosed with HCC and PVTT who underwent TACE and sorafenib treatment between January 2018 and December 2022. Patients were categorized into good-prognosis (n = 197) and poor-prognosis (n = 102) groups based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) assessed four weeks post-treatment. Prognostic factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses to identify significant determinants affecting therapeutic outcomes.

Results: Key prognostic factors included tumor number, differentiation, size, PVTT extent, Child-Pugh class, ECOG performance status, hospitalization duration, and AFP levels. Patients with a single tumor had better outcomes (OR 0.358, P = 0.002), whereas poor differentiation (OR 4.561, P = 0.005) and larger tumor size (OR 0.347, P < 0.001) were associated with worse prognosis. A higher Child-Pugh class (OR 0.563, P = 0.035) and better ECOG performance (OR 2.710, P = 0.025) improved prognosis, while prolonged hospitalization and elevated AFP levels were linked to poorer outcomes. ASA classification and HCC morphology did not significantly impact prognosis.

Conclusion: The prognosis of HCC with PVTT treated with TACE and sorafenib is significantly influenced by tumor characteristics, liver function, and overall patient health. Identifying these factors can aid in refining personalized treatment strategies to improve survival outcomes.