[德国的失聪犹太人,1800-1933]。[回顾双重少数民族的历史]。

Ylva Söderfeldt
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摘要

本研究考察了19世纪至1933年德国聋人社区中宗教教派的重要性,重点关注聋人犹太人的双重少数民族地位。它表明,聋人教育系统和聋人运动本身,在结构和内容上,都受到基督教,主要是新教信仰的影响。这意味着聋哑人犹太人的身份和聋哑人的身份之间存在冲突。为了解决这一困境,犹太慈善家和聋哑人创造了一系列互补的结构:聋哑犹太儿童接受适合他们需要的学费的学校,手语的宗教服务,以及相互支持和友谊的犹太聋哑人协会。但是,作为两个被污名化和边缘化的群体的成员,犹太聋人在很多方面都很脆弱。失聪,犹太教和遗传的话语关联在这方面发挥了特别的作用。本研究得出的结论是,聋哑人犹太人不想在聋哑人身份和犹太人身份之间做出选择,而是想同时属于聋哑人和犹太人。因此,他们遭受了一些聋哑人对犹太人和一些犹太人对聋哑人的负面看法,以及主流社会的双重歧视。
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[Deaf Jews in Germany, 1800-1933. A look at the history of a dual minority].

This study examines the importance of religious denomination in the German community of deaf people in the 19th century and up until 1933, focusing on the dual minority status of deaf Jews. It shows that the educational system for the deaf and the deaf movement as such were, in structure and content, informed by the Christian, primarily the Protestant, faith. This meant that deaf Jewish people were in danger of facing a conflict between their identity as Jews and their identity as deaf people. In order to resolve this dilemma, Jewish philanthropists and deaf people created a range of complementary structures: schools where deaf Jewish children received tuition tailored to their needs, religious services in sign language and a Jewish deaf association for mutual support and companionship. But being members of two stigmatized and marginalized groups made the Jewish deaf vulnerable from several sides. The discursive association of deafness, Judaism and heredity played a particular part in this. This study comes to the conclusion that deaf Jews did not want to choose between their deaf and Jewish identities but they wanted to belong to both. As a result they suffered from the negative views that some deaf people had of Jews and some Jews of deaf people--as well as from the double discrimination by the mainstream society.

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