α-淀粉酶表面结合位点对淀粉吸附水平的重要性:从结构角度综述

Q2 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Enzyme Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-12-05 DOI:10.1155/2017/4086845
Umi Baroroh, Muhammad Yusuf, Saadah Diana Rachman, Safri Ishmayana, Mas Rizky A A Syamsunarno, Jutti Levita, Toto Subroto
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引用次数: 21

摘要

淀粉是一种由葡萄糖组成的聚合碳水化合物。淀粉作为一种能量来源,可以被包括α-淀粉酶在内的多种淀粉酶降解。在大型工业中,由于糊化过程中需要较高的温度,淀粉的加工成本仍然很高。因此,α-淀粉酶具有消化原料淀粉的能力,可以避免高的糊化温度,从而降低能量消耗。已知α-淀粉酶的碳水化合物结合模块(CBM)和表面结合位点(SBS)可以促进底物与酶活性位点的结合,从而促进淀粉的消化。这些位点是非催化模块,可以与不溶性淀粉等冗长的底物相互作用。这些位点与底物之间的主要相互作用是与葡萄糖环的CH/pi堆叠相互作用。对嗜盐弧菌、SusG拟杆菌、大麦、黑曲霉和纤维酵母菌α-淀粉酶的突变研究表明,SBS上芳香残基的堆积相互作用对淀粉吸附至关重要。本文对各种α-淀粉酶中的SBS进行了综述。因此,从结构的角度来看,SBS可能是α-淀粉酶中提高其催化活性,尤其是对不溶性淀粉催化活性的重要位点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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The Importance of Surface-Binding Site towards Starch-Adsorptivity Level in α-Amylase: A Review on Structural Point of View.

Starch is a polymeric carbohydrate composed of glucose. As a source of energy, starch can be degraded by various amylolytic enzymes, including α-amylase. In a large-scale industry, starch processing cost is still expensive due to the requirement of high temperature during the gelatinization step. Therefore, α-amylase with raw starch digesting ability could decrease the energy cost by avoiding the high gelatinization temperature. It is known that the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) and the surface-binding site (SBS) of α-amylase could facilitate the substrate binding to the enzyme's active site to enhance the starch digestion. These sites are a noncatalytic module, which could interact with a lengthy substrate such as insoluble starch. The major interaction between these sites and the substrate is the CH/pi-stacking interaction with the glucose ring. Several mutation studies on the Halothermothrix orenii, SusG Bacteroides thetaiotamicron, Barley, Aspergillus niger, and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera α-amylases have revealed that the stacking interaction through the aromatic residues at the SBS is essential to the starch adsorption. In this review, the SBS in various α-amylases is also presented. Therefore, based on the structural point of view, SBS is suggested as an essential site in α-amylase to increase its catalytic activity, especially towards the insoluble starch.

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Enzyme Research
Enzyme Research Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry
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