[英国出生队列研究的历史和现状,以及日本的可行性]。

Shinsuke Koike, Noriko Cable, Marcus Richards
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引用次数: 0

摘要

出生队列研究是对具有特定特征背景的参与者从出生或产前出生开始进行前瞻性跟踪研究,可以探讨各种因素与结果的因果关系。在英国,每十年开展一次长期随访的出生队列研究,提供了许多重要的结果和相关的有用的政策建议。然而,这些并不一定打算作为长期观察的国家项目启动,而是由于现有的出生队列的良好结果和调查条件而被接受继续。90年代以来,出生队列研究作为一种国家资源被重新重视,并被国内外研究者广泛应用。作为对精神病学和心理健康的贡献,大多数队列研究都是为了确定精神分裂症等精神疾病发病的危险因素。如今,对生理和心理疾病之间的关系以及生物学研究进行了更广泛的研究,并得到了高度评价。最近的队列研究还表明,儿童或青少年时期的认知能力在后来发展为精神分裂症的人和经历过精神病症状的人之间是相似的,这表明精神疾病的频谱将有助于阐明病理生理学。在日本,需要作为国家资源进行出生队列研究,其结果可以反映在政策影响上。然而,由于没有进行过长期随访的出生队列研究,因此,开展和持续低流失率的出生队列研究,并向社会提供证据的技术和知识很少。有必要在日本的文化和社会背景下,通过学习英国的案例来建立这些技术和知识。日本在围产期和婴儿护理、学校、工作场所、医疗保健以及中央和地方政府等各个领域开展了包括检查在内的高质量例行研究。高质量的出生队列研究需要补充这些数据。到目前为止,还没有相关的法律规定在研究设置中对各个领域的数据进行任何数据链接,这是必要的。
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[History and Current Status of Birth Cohort Studies in the UK, and Feasibility in Japan].

Birth cohort studies are conducted by prospectively following the participants with a spe- cific characteristic background from their birth or prenatal birth, and can explore the causal relationship of various factors with outcomes. In the UK, birth cohort studies with long-term follow-ups have been launched every ten years, which have provided many significant results and related useful policy recommendation. However, these have not necessarily intended to be launched as the national project with long-term observations, rather existing birth cohorts are accept to continue because of the excellent results and survey condition. In 1990s, birth cohort studies have been revalued as national resources, and widely used by domestic and international researchers. As the contribution to psychiatry and mental health, most of the cohort studies have been conducted to identify risk factors for onset of psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia. Nowadays, broader studies were conducted and highly evaluated for the relationships between physical and psychological illnesses, and biological studies. Recent cohort studies also showed that cognitive abilities in childhood or adolescence was similar between those who later developed schizophrenia and those who experienced psychotic symptoms, sug- gesting that a spectrum in psychiatric diseases would be useful for elucidating the pathophysiology. In Japan, birth cohort studies which findings could be reflected on policy implications have been required as national resources. However, as there have been no birth cohort studies that have conducted for long-term follow-ups, there are little techniques and knowledge for launching and continuing a birth cohort study with low attrition, and providing evidences to society. It is necessary to establish these techniques and knowledge by learning from the UK cases within the cultural and social contexts in Japan. High quality routine studies including examination have been implemented in Japan in various fields such as perinatal and infant care, schools, work places, medical care, and the central and local governments. Supplementation of those data will be needed for high quality birth cohort studies. Until now, there has been no relevant law to conduct any data linkage between the data from various fields in research settings and it is necessary to be prepared.

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