有或无自闭症谱系障碍儿童的亲社会注意:预期凝视与内在觉醒之间的分离。

Robert Hepach, Darren Hedley, Heather J Nuske
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引用次数: 3

摘要

儿童从小就开始帮助他人,但儿童亲社会注意的潜在机制仍未得到充分研究。比较典型发育和非典型发育儿童的亲社会注意和生理机制,有助于我们理解亲社会发展的个体发生机制。我们给典型发育(TD)儿童和自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童提供了这样的场景:一个成年人需要一个掉落的物体来完成一项任务,但随后没有得到第二个成年人的帮助。这些儿童通常难以发展亲社会行为。在一个感知匹配的非社会控制场景中,孩子们在没有成人在场的情况下看到了自行推进的物体的移动和下落。结果显示,唤醒(瞳孔扩张)和对个体需求的预期(凝视模式)之间存在分离,因此,只有TD儿童在情境解决之前,对成人需求的正确解决方案看得更久。相比之下,在场景解决后,当成年人没有得到帮助时,两组人都表现出比非社会情况没有解决时更大的兴奋。对于ASD组,这种影响在发育商较高的儿童中最为明显。这些结果表明,尽管TD和ASD儿童在亲社会注意方面有相似之处,但之前记录的ASD儿童亲社会行为的减少可能部分是由于预期亲社会行为的特定障碍。
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Prosocial attention in children with and without autism spectrum disorder: Dissociation between anticipatory gaze and internal arousal.

From an early age children help others yet the underlying mechanisms of children's prosocial attention remain understudied. Comparing the attentional and physiological mechanisms of prosocial attention of typically developing and atypically developing children contributes to our understanding of the ontogeny of prosocial development. We presented typically developing (TD) children and children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), who often have difficulty developing prosocial behaviour, with scenarios in which an adult needed a dropped object to finish a task but was subsequently not helped by a second adult. In a perceptually matched non-social control scenario, children saw self-propelled objects move and drop without any adult present in the scene. Results showed a dissociation between arousal (pupil dilation) and the anticipation of the individual's need (gaze patterns), such that only TD children looked longer at the correct solution to the adult's need prior to the resolution of the situation. In contrast, following the resolution of the scene, both groups showed greater arousal when the adult was not helped compared to when the non-social situation remained unresolved. For the ASD group, this effect was greatest for children with higher developmental quotients. These results suggest that, despite similarities in prosocial attention between TD and ASD children, previously documented reduced prosocial behaviour in children with ASD may be in part due to a specific impairment in anticipating prosocial behaviour.

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期刊介绍: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology brings together the latest innovative research that advances knowledge of psychopathology from infancy through adolescence. The journal publishes studies that have a strong theoretical framework and use a diversity of methods, with an emphasis on empirical studies of the major forms of psychopathology found in childhood disorders (e.g., disruptive behavior disorders, depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder). Studies focus on the epidemiology, etiology, assessment, treatment, prognosis, and developmental course of these forms of psychopathology. Studies highlighting risk and protective factors; the ecology and correlates of children''s emotional, social, and behavior problems; and advances in prevention and treatment are featured. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology is the official journal of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (ISRCAP), a multidisciplinary scientific society.
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