Chimera and cluster collective states in a dispersal ecological network under state-dependent feedback control and complex habitat structure.

Pest control based on an economic threshold (ET) can effectively prevent excessive pest control measures such as pesticide abuse and overharvesting. The instinctive dispersal of pest populations in biological network patches for better survival poses challenges for pest management. As long as the pest density is controlled below the economic threshold and no pest outbreak occurs, the aim of pest management can be achieved and it is not necessary to completely remove the pests. This study focuses on the issues of chimera states and cluster solutions in regular bidirectional biological networks with state-dependent impulsive pest management. We consider the influence of two different control modes on the system states, namely global control and local control. Local control is found to be more likely to induce the chimera state. In addition, in the local coupling mode, a higher coupling strength is more likely to generate a coherent state, whereas a lower coupling strength is more likely to generate chimera and incoherent states. Furthermore, the cluster size is inversely related to the coupling strength under local coupling and global control.