亨利·奥古斯都·罗兰的统治机和衍射光栅。

IF 0.9 3区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Annals of Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-28 DOI:10.1080/00033790.2021.1991000
C N Brown
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1882年秋,约翰·霍普金斯大学的物理学教授亨利·奥古斯都·罗兰在访问欧洲期间,展示了他设计和制造的一台统治发动机上产生的衍射光栅,比以前制造的任何机器都要大,质量也要高得多。其中一些是新型的,被刻在凹面上,用在他设计的简单但同样新颖的分光镜上,可以非常详细地显示光谱线,并通过摄影技术以比以前更快的速度记录光谱数据。在大约二十年的时间里,罗兰建造了三台最常用的发动机,出版了太阳光谱的照相图,编制了太阳光谱中与实验室生产的几乎所有化学元素的光谱相关联的线的波长目录,并生产和销售了光谱学家到处使用的衍射光栅。在他死后的几十年里,罗兰的主导发动机实际上仍然是高质量衍射光栅的唯一来源。本文描述并分析了罗兰以及在这部作品中扮演重要角色的西奥多·施耐德、约翰·布拉希尔和刘易斯·朱厄尔等人的作品。
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The ruling engines and diffraction gratings of Henry Augustus Rowland.

During a visit to Europe in the autumn of 1882, Henry Augustus Rowland, Professor of Physics at Johns Hopkins University, displayed diffraction gratings produced on a ruling engine he had designed and built, which were bigger and much higher quality than any previously made. Some were of a novel type, ruled on concave surfaces, which he used in a simple but equally novel spectroscope that he had devised, to reveal spectral lines in great detail, and by means of photography to record spectral data much more rapidly than previously possible. Over about twenty years Rowland built three ruling engines, published photographic maps of the solar spectrum, compiled a catalogue of the wavelengths of lines in the solar spectrum correlated with laboratory-produced spectra of almost all the chemical elements, and produced and sold the diffraction gratings used by spectroscopists everywhere. For decades after his death Rowland's ruling engines remained practically the only source of good-quality diffraction gratings. This paper describes and analyses this work of Rowland and of the other men, Theodore Schneider, John Brashear, and Lewis Jewell, who played major roles in it.

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来源期刊
Annals of Science
Annals of Science 综合性期刊-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
22
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Annals of Science , launched in 1936, publishes work on the history of science, technology and medicine, covering developments from classical antiquity to the late 20th century. The Journal has a global reach, both in terms of the work that it publishes, and also in terms of its readership. The editors particularly welcome submissions from authors in Asia, Africa and South America. Each issue contains research articles, and a comprehensive book reviews section, including essay reviews on a group of books on a broader level. Articles are published in both English and French, and the Journal welcomes proposals for special issues on relevant topics. The Editors and Publisher are committed to supporting early career researchers, and award an annual prize to the best submission from current doctoral students, or those awarded a doctorate in the past four years.
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