在安装过滤器前后,来自前铅矿和现冶炼厂附近农场的表土、干草、青贮饲料和牛血中的铅。

Veterinary and human toxicology Pub Date : 2004-10-01
T Zadnik
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这项研究涵盖1975年至2003年,测量了位于铅冶炼厂周围1至10公里的农场(n = 1至14)土壤(n = 24)、干草(n = 259)、青贮饲料(n = 35)和奶牛血液(n = 1279)中的铅。直到1978年,在工厂烟囱中安装了保护性过滤器,这些农场一直暴露在重工业冶金废水中。早期测量(1968年至1975年)表层土壤含铅量高(> 600.0 mg铅/kg),持续测量(1981年至2003年)显示安装过滤器后含铅量没有明显下降;然而,干草样品中的平均铅含量逐渐下降。1975年,4份干草样品的铅浓度为227.0 ~ 953.0 mg/kg DM, 2002年(n = 12)的平均铅浓度下降了约100倍(5.6 +/- 3.3 mg/kg DM)。在牛的血液中也出现了类似的铅浓度下降的趋势。1975年(n = 9)全血平均铅浓度为1.2 +/- 0.6 mg/kg,而2002年(n = 58)全血平均铅浓度降低了约20倍(0.07 +/- 0.005 mg/kg)。铅浓度的显著下降可能是由于1978年在工厂烟囱上安装了袋式过滤器,对铅气体和粉尘的主要工业排放源进行了卫生处理。1982年以后,平均牛血铅浓度在正常参考值范围内(< 0.250 mg铅/kg)。然而,在过去十年中,平均铅浓度仍然比斯洛文尼亚3个控制区的血液(n = 32)中测得的值高出1至2倍。牛的血液水平被证明是环境污染的一个很好的生物指标。对冶炼厂附近农场动物血液中的铅的监测应继续进行,因为表土中的铅持续存在是该地区的主要问题。
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Lead in topsoil, hay, silage and blood of cows from farms near a former lead mine and current smelting plant before and after installation of filters.

This study covers 1975 to 2003 with measurements of lead in soil (n = 24), hay (n = 259), silage (n = 35) and blood of cows (n = 1279) from farms (n = 1 to 14) situated 1 to 10 km around a lead smelter. Until 1978, when protective filters were installed in the plant chimneys, the farms had been exposed to heavy industrial-metallurgic effluent. Early measurments (1968 to 1975) high lead (> 600.0 mg lead/kg) in the topsoil, and continuing measurements (1981 to 2003) showed no significantly decreased lead after the installation of filters; however, mean lead in hay samples gradually decreased. In 1975 lead concentrations in 4 samples of hay were 227.0 to 953.0 mg/kg DM. In 2002 (n = 12) mean lead concentrations were about 100-fold lower (5.6 +/- 3.3 mg lead/kg DM). A similar trend of decreasing lead concentrations occurred also in the blood of cows. In 1975 (n = 9) average lead concentration was 1.2 +/- 0.6 mg/kg whole blood, while in 2002 (n = 58) it was about 20-times lower (0.07 +/- 0.005 mg/kg). This significant decrease in lead concentration may be attributed to sanitation of the major source of industrial emission of lead gasses and dust by installation of bag filters to the plant chimneys in 1978. After 1982 mean cow lead blood concentrations were within normal reference values (< 0.250 mg of lead/kg). However, during the last 10y mean lead concentrations have still been 1- to 2-fold above the values measured in blood (n = 32) from 3 control areas in Slovenia. Cattle blood levels proved a good bioindicator of environmental contamination. Monitoring lead in the blood of animals on farms near the smelter should continue because the persistence of lead in topsoil is the main problem in this area.

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