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Chemical disasters. 化学灾害。
Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.4135/9781412994064.n26
R. Weisman, L. Goldfrank, R. Bellini
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引用次数: 2
Epichlorohydrin. 环氧氯丙烷。
Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.1002/0471743984.vse2991
J. M. Lane
• CAS No. 106-89-8 • 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane • Glycerol epichlorohydrin • DOW epichlorohydrin • 2,3-Epoxypropyl chloride • Epichlorohydrin glycerol • EPI • ECH • (Chloromethyl)ethylene oxide • α-Epichlorohydrin • 1,2-Epoxy-3-chloropropane • 2-(Chloromethyl)oxirane • Chloro-1,2-epoxypropane • Chloropropene-1,2-oxide • Chloromethyloxirane • Chloropropylene oxide • Glycidyl chloride • Oxirane, (chloromethyl)-(9Cl) • Glycerol epichlorohydrin • Propane, 1-chloro-2,3-epoxy(6Cl,8Cl) • (D,L)-α-Epichlorohydrin • γ-Chloropropylene oxide
•CAS No . 106-89-8•1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane•Glycerol epichlorohydrin•杜恩epichlorohydrin•2,3-Epoxypropyl往南追踪•epichlorohydrin Glycerol充••ECH•——Chloromethyl ethylene oxide•α-Epichlorohydrin•1,2-Epoxy-3-chloropropane•2 - (Chloromethyl) oxirane•Chloro-1,2-epoxypropane•Chloropropene-1,2-oxide•Chloromethyloxirane•Chloropropylene oxide•Glycidyl往南追踪•oxirane (Chloromethyl) - (9Cl)•Glycerol epichlorohydrin•Propane,1-chloro-2,3-epoxy (6Cl 8Cl)•(D, L),α-Epichlorohydrin•γ-Chloropropylene oxide
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引用次数: 0
Alternatives to drugs. 药物的替代品。
Pub Date : 2010-07-12 DOI: 10.1002/9780470666630.CH9
J. Paris
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引用次数: 1
Acute pesticide poisoning related deaths in Turkey. 土耳其与农药中毒有关的急性死亡。
Pub Date : 2004-12-01
Yayci Nesime, Baser Lokman, Inanici Mehmet Akif, Canturk Gurol, Colak Basar, Karapirli Mustafa

This study determined the spectrum of deaths due to acute agrochemical poisoning in Turkey. Data was obtained from all autopsy reports performed between 1997 and 2001, compiled by the Institute of Forensic Medicine (which is a department of the Ministry of Justice), and evaluated retrospectively. There were 3990 deaths by intoxication of one form or another. Acute agrochemical/pesticide poisoning caused 843 deaths. Almost half were under 30 yo; 55% were female and 45% were male. Of 205 deaths whose manner of death was determined, 153 (75%) were suicide; the most common substance used was insecticide followed by sulfur, rodenticides, and herbicides. The pattern appeared consistent from 1997 to 2001 with no decline in the number of cases, despite the government having taken measures to educate the public and reduce pesticide use by offering alternates to control pests and insects.

这项研究确定了土耳其急性农用化学品中毒造成的死亡范围。数据来自1997年至2001年期间进行的所有尸检报告,由法医研究所(司法部的一个部门)汇编,并进行回顾性评估。有3990人死于各种形式的中毒。急性农药/农药中毒造成843人死亡。几乎一半的人在30岁以下;其中55%为女性,45%为男性。205例死亡中,153例(75%)为自杀;最常用的物质是杀虫剂,其次是硫、灭鼠剂和除草剂。从1997年到2001年,这种模式似乎是一致的,尽管政府已采取措施教育公众,并通过提供防治病虫害的替代品来减少农药的使用,但病例数量没有下降。
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引用次数: 0
Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia in swine from ingestion of Aeschynomene indica seeds. 猪因误食七香籽而出现局灶性对称脑软化症。
Pub Date : 2004-12-01
Fabiano N Oliveira, Ricardo R Barros, Daniel R Rissi, Raquel R Rech, Rafael A Fighera, Claudio S L Barros

A spontaneous outbreak of neurological disease in swine caused by the ingestion of Aeschynomene indica seeds and reproduction of the disease in the same specie are reported. In the natural outbreak the morbidity, mortality and lethality rates were respectively 25%-40%, 8.5%-20%, and 25%-66%. Clinical signs were variable degrees of incoordination of gait, falls, sternal recumbency with wide base stance of the hind limbs, lateral recumbency and death. For experimental reproduction of the intoxication, 5 (A-E) pigs were fed a ration containing 10% (PigA), 15% (Pig B) and 20% (Pigs C-E) of A. indica seeds. Pigs A and B were euthanatized and Pigs C-E died of acute disease respectively 16, 21 and 24 hours after the start of the experiment. Clinical signs were similar to those observed in pigs from the spontaneous outbreak. Histopathological findings in the brain of pigs fed rations with 20% A. indica seeds (C-E) were congestion, edema and hemorrhage and swollen capillary endothelia in nuclei and in the telencephalic cortex. Pigs fed 10% and 15% A. indica had histopathological changes in the brain of discrete focal symmetrical areas of malacia. These findings indicate that one or more toxic principles in A. indica seeds are responsible for this neurological condition and that clinical outcome and pathological changes are dose-dependent. The symmetrical malacic foci from the ingestion of A. indica seeds in pigs affected vestibular and cerebellar nuclei, putamen, and the mesencephalic substantia nigra, oculomotor, and red nucleus; thus, focal symmetrical encephalomalacia is suggested as a better name for the disease.

据报道,猪因误食七香种子引起的自发性神经系统疾病暴发,并在同一种猪中繁殖。自然暴发时发病率为25% ~ 40%,死亡率为8.5% ~ 20%,致死率为25% ~ 66%。临床表现为不同程度的步态不协调、跌倒、胸骨平卧、后肢基底位宽、侧卧和死亡。5头(a - e)猪分别饲喂含有10%(猪a)、15%(猪B)和20%(猪C-E)籼稻种子的日粮,进行中毒实验繁殖。实验开始后16、21、24小时,A、B猪被安乐死,C-E猪死于急性疾病。临床症状与自发暴发的猪相似。饲粮中添加20%籼米籽(C-E)后,猪脑组织病理表现为充血、水肿、出血,细胞核和脑端皮层毛细血管内皮肿胀。饲喂10%和15%印度麻黄菌的猪在马来acia的离散局灶对称区出现组织病理学改变。这些发现表明,一种或多种有毒原理的印度种子负责神经系统疾病,临床结果和病理改变是剂量依赖性的。猪因摄入籼米种子而形成对称的黑体灶,影响前庭核、小脑核、壳核以及中脑黑质、动眼肌核和红核;因此,局灶性对称脑软化症被认为是一个更好的名称。
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引用次数: 0
Lead poisoning in cattle grazing pasture contaminated by industrial waste. 在受工业废料污染的牧场放牧的牛发生铅中毒。
Pub Date : 2004-12-01
Ricardo A A Lemos, David Driemeier, Euripedes B Guimarães, Iveraldo S Dutra, Ademar E Mori, Claudio S L Barros

Lead poisoning is described in a herd of 120 Nelore cows of which 35 were affected. All affected cows died after a clinical course of 2-7 d with clinical signs related to cortical neurological disturbances. The source of Pb was fumes from a car battery recycling plant which has had a failure in its filtering system. Lead concentrations in liver and kidneys of 2 cows, in soil; and in grass where the cows were held were respectively 39 to 431 ppm, 147 to 431 ppm, and 245 ppm. No significant gross changes were observed. Histopathology revealed of neuronal necrosis, vacuolation of the neuropil and hypertrophy of the vascular endothelium in the cerebral cortices, degeneration of the epithelial cells of renal proximal tubules, and hemosiderosis of kidney, spleen and liver.

据报道,一群120头Nelore牛铅中毒,其中35头受到影响。所有受感染的奶牛在2-7 d的临床病程后死亡,临床症状与皮质神经障碍有关。铅的来源是一家汽车电池回收厂的烟雾,该工厂的过滤系统出现故障。土壤中2头牛肝脏和肾脏的铅浓度;在放牧奶牛的草地中,分别是39到431 ppm, 147到431 ppm和245 ppm。未观察到明显的总体变化。病理组织学表现为神经元坏死,神经细胞空泡化,大脑皮层血管内皮肥大,肾近端小管上皮细胞变性,肾、脾、肝含铁血黄素沉着。
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引用次数: 0
Retrospective case series of suspected intentional paraquat poisonings: diagnostic findings and risk factors for death. 可疑故意百草枯中毒的回顾性病例系列:诊断结果和死亡危险因素。
Pub Date : 2004-12-01
Carrie M Shuler, Emilio E DeBess, Marilyn Scott, David Stone

We investigated a cluster of canine poisonings around the 4th of July weekend in 2003 in dogs that visited a local park. Medical records review and personal interviews were performed on 17 suspect cases; 14 dogs met the case definition criteria. The 13/14 dogs were allowed off-leash at some point during their visit to the park; 7 owners noted their dog had either eaten something at the park or vomited up meat-like material within 1 h after their walk. Eleven of the 14 dogs died or were euthanized. Urine samples from 4 dogs were positive for trace amounts of paraquat and 1 vomitus sample tested positive. Tachypnea was a significant risk factor for death of the dogs. Oral or gastrointestinal ulcers were significantly correlated with recovery.

我们调查了2003年7月4日周末附近的一系列犬类中毒事件,发生在参观当地公园的狗身上。对17例疑似病例进行了医疗记录审查和个人访谈;14只狗符合病例定义标准。13/14只狗在参观公园的时候被允许松开皮带;7位主人指出,他们的狗狗要么在公园里吃了东西,要么在散步后1小时内吐了类似肉的东西。14只狗中有11只死亡或被安乐死。4只狗的尿液样本呈微量百草枯阳性,1只狗的呕吐物样本呈阳性。呼吸急促是狗死亡的重要危险因素。口腔或胃肠道溃疡与康复显著相关。
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引用次数: 0
A screening study of xylitol binding in vitro to activated charcoal. 木糖醇体外与活性炭结合的筛选研究。
Pub Date : 2004-12-01
R B Cope

Ingestion of foods containing the sweetener xylitol by dogs results in a significant, and often sustained, insulin-mediated hypoglycemic crisis. The efficacy of activated charcoal for gastrointestinal decontamination following xylitol ingestion is unknown. This screening study examined the effect of pH and incubation time on the in vitro binding of xylitol to activated charcoal. The mean percentage activated charcoal binding ranged between 8 and 23%. Mean percentage binding of xylitol at pH 3 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the binding of xylitol at pH 1 or pH 5 following 40 or 60 min of incubation with an aQueous 200 g/L activated charcoal slurry. These results suggest binding of xylitol to activated charcoal is relatively low; however, activated charcoal administration may still be beneficial in some canine acute oral xylitol exposures.

狗摄入含有甜味剂木糖醇的食物会导致胰岛素介导的严重且通常持续的低血糖危机。木糖醇摄入后,活性炭对胃肠道净化的功效尚不清楚。本筛选研究考察了pH和培养时间对木糖醇与活性炭体外结合的影响。活性炭结合的平均百分比在8%到23%之间。用200 g/L的活性炭液孵育40或60分钟后,木糖醇在pH 3下的平均结合率显著高于pH 1或pH 5下的木糖醇结合率(p < 0.05)。这些结果表明木糖醇与活性炭的结合相对较低;然而,活性炭管理可能仍然有利于一些犬急性口服木糖醇暴露。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical injury to the tongue following contact with sodium hydroxide drain cleaner. 与氢氧化钠下水道清洁剂接触后对舌头造成化学伤害。
Pub Date : 2004-12-01
Sedat Yanturali, Elif Yaka, Gurkan Ersoy

Solid sodium hydroxide compounds are used to unclog drains. In Turkey, these agents are easily available and commonly used by housewives. They are sold in weak bags and usually stored within these bags. We present the case of an elderly woman with dementia who developed severe alkaline tongue burn and edema after unintentional short contact with solid sodium hydroxide drain cleaner. Official legislation for safety packing in Turkey will lead to reduction in the incidence of accidental caustic injuries.

固体氢氧化钠化合物被用来疏通下水道。在土耳其,这些药剂很容易买到,家庭主妇也经常使用。它们装在不结实的袋子里出售,通常储存在这些袋子里。我们提出的情况下,老年妇女与痴呆症谁发展严重的碱性舌头烧伤和水肿后,无意短接触固体氢氧化钠下水道清洁剂。土耳其安全包装的官方立法将导致减少意外伤害的发生率。
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引用次数: 0
The inkjet cleaner "Hurricane"--another GhB recipe. 喷墨清洁剂“飓风”——另一个GhB配方。
Pub Date : 2004-12-01
C M Yambo, R B McFee, T R Caraccio, M McGuigan

Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is widey used as a sexual enhancement drug, a euphoriant, muscle building agent, a sleep aid, a weight loss agent, and as a date rapeagent. Precursor ingredients such as gammabutyrolactone (GBL) and GHB recipes are available, especially via the Internet. This is a report of an organic inkjet cleaner containing a GHB precursor 1,4-butanediol and butylenegycol. A 26-y-o male fell unconscious during work being unresponsive, with constricted pupils, and convulsing, he did not respond to naloxone. A bottle labeled "Hurricane" was found in his pocket. Five h later the patient awoke and was subsequently discharged with all vitals normal. The patient had recently purchased "Hurricane" as a sleep aid and to treat his panic attacks. It is an organic product with active ingredients similar to ink jet cleaner, the key ingredient being 1,4butanediol, which is metabolized to GHB. In spite of legislative changes restricting GHB, the precursors remain available and continue a public health threat.

羟丁酸(GHB)被广泛用作增强性欲的药物、欣快剂、增肌剂、助眠剂、减重剂和约会强奸剂。诸如-丁基内酯(GBL)和GHB配方等前体成分可通过互联网获得。这是一个有机喷墨清洁剂含有GHB前体1,4-丁二醇和丁二醇的报告。一名26岁的男性在工作时失去知觉,瞳孔收缩,抽搐,他对纳洛酮没有反应。在他的口袋里发现了一个标有“飓风”的瓶子。5小时后,患者醒来,随后出院,一切生命体征正常。病人最近购买了“飓风”作为助眠剂和治疗他的惊恐发作。它是一种有机产品,活性成分类似于喷墨清洁剂,关键成分为1,4丁二醇,代谢为GHB。尽管对GHB进行了立法改革,但这些前体仍然存在,并继续对公众健康构成威胁。
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Veterinary and human toxicology
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