Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden Grown in Open Field and Indoor

Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden, known as tiger milk mushroom, is a rare and valuable medicinal mushroom that is widely used throughout Southeast Asia and South China for treating several ailments. This study was conducted to screen the phytochemicals present in L. rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden sclerotium grown from two different environments, open field and indoor, and evaluate the antibacterial activity. In this study, phytochemical screening of ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of L. rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden sclerotium were done using various chemical tests to identify the compounds present in the extracts. All the extracts were then tested for antibacterial activity against three different bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the concentrations of 20 and 30 mg/mL using disc diffusion method. Based on the phytochemical screening result, extracts of L. rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden demonstrated the presence of steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids. The antibacterial assays revealed that the ethyl acetate extracts from open field and indoor cultivations exhibited moderate activities against S. aureus at 30 mg/mL with the values of the inhibition zone being 13.3 ± 0.67 mm and 11.0 ± 0.58 mm, respectively.