Zeynep Kamile Cenk, Güneş Mutlu Avinç, Semra Arslan Selçuk
Nature is a database that offers potential solutions to humanity’s many problems with its countless living species and their developed adaptations. As in engineering, medicine, agriculture, etc., innovative approaches are sought in the discipline of architecture with the solution proposals offered by nature. Designers looking for creative solutions, especially in producing the most effective constructions with the most materials, providing energy efficiency in built environments, designing ecologically and harvesting water and developing methods that imitate and learn from nature. One of the main actors in the global agenda on climate change and the clean water problem is built environments. In this context, water harvesting methods to be developed through architectural design also emerge as one of the current research topics. In this paper, research has been conducted on how the water harvesting knowledge in nature can be integrated into architecture; A biomimetic shell proposal has been developed to provide atmospheric water gain. Firstly, the concept of biomimetics is clarified through a literature review and examples of water balance strategies of living things in nature are presented. Then, architectural examples inspired by these strategies are analyzed. The selected living organisms were analyzed in the field study section and a design concept that can harvest water on the building facade was developed based on the biological information obtained. Inspired by the water harvesting principles of cactus and Bromeliaceae plants, this design is presented as an alternative for water harvesting with different usage possibilities in built environments.
{"title":"Application Of Biomimetic Strategies In Building Envelope Design For Water Harvesting","authors":"Zeynep Kamile Cenk, Güneş Mutlu Avinç, Semra Arslan Selçuk","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1471707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1471707","url":null,"abstract":"Nature is a database that offers potential solutions to humanity’s many problems with its countless living species and their developed adaptations. As in engineering, medicine, agriculture, etc., innovative approaches are sought in the discipline of architecture with the solution proposals offered by nature. Designers looking for creative solutions, especially in producing the most effective constructions with the most materials, providing energy efficiency in built environments, designing ecologically and harvesting water and developing methods that imitate and learn from nature. One of the main actors in the global agenda on climate change and the clean water problem is built environments. In this context, water harvesting methods to be developed through architectural design also emerge as one of the current research topics. In this paper, research has been conducted on how the water harvesting knowledge in nature can be integrated into architecture; A biomimetic shell proposal has been developed to provide atmospheric water gain. Firstly, the concept of biomimetics is clarified through a literature review and examples of water balance strategies of living things in nature are presented. Then, architectural examples inspired by these strategies are analyzed. The selected living organisms were analyzed in the field study section and a design concept that can harvest water on the building facade was developed based on the biological information obtained. Inspired by the water harvesting principles of cactus and Bromeliaceae plants, this design is presented as an alternative for water harvesting with different usage possibilities in built environments.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on information from recent research, by 2045, Electric Vehicles (EV) will dominate the roads with presence of more than 80% of its kind. Hence, these vehicles' grid level penetration will increase proportionally, which challenges the existing grid infrastructure in terms of its reliability and energy management capabilities. New techniques to store and consume massive quantities of energy from the power grid, as well as infusing the captive energy within the EV in response to grid demands, are emerging with the advent of electric vehicles. Everything could be handled smoothly only if we schedule the EV operation (charging/discharging) more optimally and efficiently using scheduling algorithms. Despite the existence of many routings and charging schedule computations, nature-inspired optimization approaches might play a critical role in responding to such routing challenges. Researchers have created several optimum scheduling approaches, such as Dynamic Programming, Differential Evolutionary Optimization Techniques, Collaborative Optimization Scheduling, Two-stage optimal scheduling strategy, and so on. The optimum schedule review examines the operation of an EV fleet while considering uncertainty sources and varied EV operating circumstances by integrating heuristic and meta-heuristic techniques. This paper exhibits a deep review on the various EV optimal scheduling techniques and adopted algorithms which are the emerging best practices like predictive analytics, dynamic routing, user centric planning, multi-objective optimization, etc. that reflect the industry's focus on leveraging advanced technologies, data-driven decision-making, and collaborative approaches to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of electric vehicle routing and charging scheduling.
{"title":"Optimization Strategies for Electric Vehicle Charging and Routing: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Prabhakar Karthikeyan Shanmugam, Polly Thomas","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1321572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1321572","url":null,"abstract":"Based on information from recent research, by 2045, Electric Vehicles (EV) will dominate the roads with presence of more than 80% of its kind. Hence, these vehicles' grid level penetration will increase proportionally, which challenges the existing grid infrastructure in terms of its reliability and energy management capabilities. New techniques to store and consume massive quantities of energy from the power grid, as well as infusing the captive energy within the EV in response to grid demands, are emerging with the advent of electric vehicles. Everything could be handled smoothly only if we schedule the EV operation (charging/discharging) more optimally and efficiently using scheduling algorithms. Despite the existence of many routings and charging schedule computations, nature-inspired optimization approaches might play a critical role in responding to such routing challenges. Researchers have created several optimum scheduling approaches, such as Dynamic Programming, Differential Evolutionary Optimization Techniques, Collaborative Optimization Scheduling, Two-stage optimal scheduling strategy, and so on. The optimum schedule review examines the operation of an EV fleet while considering uncertainty sources and varied EV operating circumstances by integrating heuristic and meta-heuristic techniques. This paper exhibits a deep review on the various EV optimal scheduling techniques and adopted algorithms which are the emerging best practices like predictive analytics, dynamic routing, user centric planning, multi-objective optimization, etc. that reflect the industry's focus on leveraging advanced technologies, data-driven decision-making, and collaborative approaches to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of electric vehicle routing and charging scheduling.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140403272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earthquakes are one of the most dangerous natural disasters that have constantly threatened humanity in the last decade. Therefore, it is extremely important to take preventive measures against earthquakes. Time estimation in these dangerous events is becoming more specific, especially in order to minimize the damage caused by earthquakes. In this study, a hybrid deep learning model is proposed to predict the time of the next earthquake to potentially occur. The developed CNN+GRU model was compared with RF, ARIMA, CNN and GRU. These models were tested using an earthquake dataset. Experimental results show that the CNN+GRU model performs better than others according to MSE, RMSE, MAE and MAPE metrics. This study highlights the importance of predicting earthquakes, providing a way to help take more effective precautions against earthquakes and potentially minimize loss of life and material damage. This study should be considered an important step in the methods used to predict future earthquakes and supports efforts to reduce earthquake risks.
{"title":"Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Earthquake Time Prediction","authors":"Anıl Utku, M. A. Akcayol","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1364529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1364529","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquakes are one of the most dangerous natural disasters that have constantly threatened humanity in the last decade. Therefore, it is extremely important to take preventive measures against earthquakes. Time estimation in these dangerous events is becoming more specific, especially in order to minimize the damage caused by earthquakes. In this study, a hybrid deep learning model is proposed to predict the time of the next earthquake to potentially occur. The developed CNN+GRU model was compared with RF, ARIMA, CNN and GRU. These models were tested using an earthquake dataset. Experimental results show that the CNN+GRU model performs better than others according to MSE, RMSE, MAE and MAPE metrics. This study highlights the importance of predicting earthquakes, providing a way to help take more effective precautions against earthquakes and potentially minimize loss of life and material damage. This study should be considered an important step in the methods used to predict future earthquakes and supports efforts to reduce earthquake risks.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140425775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Öztan, Ilknur Suer, Aynur Dağlar Aday, M. Ayer, Ş. Öztürk, K. Çefle, M. Yenerel, H. Issever, S. Palanduz
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancerous disease that involves abnormal production of immunoglobulins by bone marrow plasma cells. The relationship between MM and the TP53 pathway has not been fully elucidated in the literature. Investigation of the effect of the expression of genes in the TP53 pathway on the molecular pathogenesis and prognosis of multiple myeloma disease. We assessed the expression of 18 genes in the TP53 pathway in 48 MM patients and 31 healthy subjects by RT2-profiler PCR array technique, and investigated their possible association with the presence of cytogenetic aberrations. Twelve of the 18 genes (APAF1, ATM, BAX, CASP9, CDK4, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, E2F1, MCL1, MDM2, MDM4, PTEN) expression levels were found to be statistically up-regulated in MM patients compared to controls. The CDK4, CDKN1A and MCL1 genes were found to have remarkable diagnostic power distinguishing MM and healthy controls (AUC=0.89;AUC=0.86;AUC=0.77, respectively and p
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种涉及骨髓浆细胞异常产生免疫球蛋白的癌症疾病。文献尚未完全阐明 MM 与 TP53 通路之间的关系。调查 TP53 通路中基因的表达对多发性骨髓瘤疾病的分子发病机制和预后的影响。我们通过RT2-profiler PCR阵列技术评估了48名MM患者和31名健康受试者中TP53通路中18个基因的表达，并研究了它们与细胞遗传学畸变存在的可能关联。结果发现，与对照组相比，18个基因中有12个（APAF1、ATM、BAX、CASP9、CDK4、CDKN1A、CDKN2A、E2F1、MCL1、MDM2、MDM4、PTEN）在MM患者中的表达水平呈统计学上调。研究发现，CDK4、CDKN1A 和 MCL1 基因在区分 MM 和健康对照组方面具有显著的诊断能力（AUC=0.89；AUC=0.86；AUC=0.77，分别为 0.89、0.86、0.77、0.77）。
{"title":"Expression patterns of eighteen genes involved in crucial cellular processes in the TP53 pathway in Multiple Myeloma","authors":"G. Öztan, Ilknur Suer, Aynur Dağlar Aday, M. Ayer, Ş. Öztürk, K. Çefle, M. Yenerel, H. Issever, S. Palanduz","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1365179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1365179","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancerous disease that involves abnormal production of immunoglobulins by bone marrow plasma cells. The relationship between MM and the TP53 pathway has not been fully elucidated in the literature. Investigation of the effect of the expression of genes in the TP53 pathway on the molecular pathogenesis and prognosis of multiple myeloma disease. We assessed the expression of 18 genes in the TP53 pathway in 48 MM patients and 31 healthy subjects by RT2-profiler PCR array technique, and investigated their possible association with the presence of cytogenetic aberrations. Twelve of the 18 genes (APAF1, ATM, BAX, CASP9, CDK4, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, E2F1, MCL1, MDM2, MDM4, PTEN) expression levels were found to be statistically up-regulated in MM patients compared to controls. The CDK4, CDKN1A and MCL1 genes were found to have remarkable diagnostic power distinguishing MM and healthy controls (AUC=0.89;AUC=0.86;AUC=0.77, respectively and p","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140457508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the sintering mechanism of commercially pure Magnesium (Mg) using the Field Assisted Sintering Technique (FAST). FSEM and XRD analysis identified four distinct bonding and sintering mechanisms influenced by particle geometry, residual stress, and microstructure developed through mechanical milling. XRD analysis demonstrated variations in crystallite size and lattice micro-strain with increasing milling time. The combination of mechanical milling and FAST exhibited significant effects on the microstructural and mechanical properties of Mg powders, with the Mg36 sample displaying promising strength and hardness.
本研究利用现场辅助烧结技术（FAST）研究了商用纯镁（Mg）的烧结机理。FSEM 和 XRD 分析确定了受颗粒几何形状、残余应力和通过机械研磨形成的微观结构影响的四种不同的结合和烧结机制。XRD 分析表明，晶粒大小和晶格微应变随研磨时间的增加而变化。机械研磨和 FAST 的结合对镁粉的微观结构和机械性能有显著影响，其中 Mg36 样品显示出良好的强度和硬度。
{"title":"Effects of Mechanical Milling and FAST Sintering on Mg Powders: Microstructural Analysis and Mechanical Properties","authors":"Yasemin Yahşi̇, R. İpek","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1372318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1372318","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the sintering mechanism of commercially pure Magnesium (Mg) using the Field Assisted Sintering Technique (FAST). FSEM and XRD analysis identified four distinct bonding and sintering mechanisms influenced by particle geometry, residual stress, and microstructure developed through mechanical milling. XRD analysis demonstrated variations in crystallite size and lattice micro-strain with increasing milling time. The combination of mechanical milling and FAST exhibited significant effects on the microstructural and mechanical properties of Mg powders, with the Mg36 sample displaying promising strength and hardness.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes an adaptive control synthesis for a class of second-degree fractional order systems with different eigenvalues in the state-space domain. The proposed fractional order adaptive controller is a generalization of the MRAC controller for the class of scalar fractional order systems. In order to control the fractional order plant, an adaptive state space feedback controller is applied based on the error between the system output and a chosen reference model using a fractional adaptation law to make the fractional order plant track the fractional order reference model. We show that the resulting adaptive regulator is able to stabilize the fractional order second degree system with a satisfying performance. A simulation example illustrating these performance properties is provided.
{"title":"State Space Model Reference Adaptive Control for a Class of Second-Degree Fractional Order Systems with Different Eigenvalues","authors":"Seif Eddine Khelas, S. Ladaci, Y. Bensafia","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1287150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1287150","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes an adaptive control synthesis for a class of second-degree fractional order systems with different eigenvalues in the state-space domain. The proposed fractional order adaptive controller is a generalization of the MRAC controller for the class of scalar fractional order systems. In order to control the fractional order plant, an adaptive state space feedback controller is applied based on the error between the system output and a chosen reference model using a fractional adaptation law to make the fractional order plant track the fractional order reference model. We show that the resulting adaptive regulator is able to stabilize the fractional order second degree system with a satisfying performance. A simulation example illustrating these performance properties is provided.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140513340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large-scale systems have a lower levelized cost of electricity than small-scale concentrated solar power systems. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to evaluate the potential of using standalone small-scale concentrated solar power collectors in order to generate process heat at a moderate temperature, which directly utilizes thermal energy without the need to generate electricity. A parabolic trough collector (3.6m2) was designed and manufactured, including a dual-axis solar tracking system with and without an insulating function. An insulating cavity was incorporated to minimize the heat losses collected by the absorbed tube. The experiments were carried out during a time of high winds and unfavorable weather in Sabratha City. The findings of the experiments demonstrated that the produced temperature and the collected heat energy progressively increase until they reach their maximum value, and then gradually decrease. The maximum water temperature was 96ºC at a flow rate of 0.5L/min, and the highest amount of heat energy was 550W/m². Wind speed showed an important impact on the produced temperature; therefore, various comparative experiments were carried out in the same climate condition; the experiment with the insulating function presented the least heat loss, and it takes a higher edge of 11% in terms of efficiency. In addition, the water temperature rose to 120°C where steam was generated at a zero flow rate, while the oil reached 194ºC. In addition, a mathematical model was also implemented to theoretically study energy balance; with little expected discrepancy, its predictions and the experimental results agreed. In conclusion, the results presented reasonable markers of interest despite the poor environmental conditions during the experiments.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of a Small-Scale Parabolic Trough Concentrated Solar Power Systems","authors":"Ismael A. S. Ehtiwesh","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1311796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1311796","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale systems have a lower levelized cost of electricity than small-scale concentrated solar power systems. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to evaluate the potential of using standalone small-scale concentrated solar power collectors in order to generate process heat at a moderate temperature, which directly utilizes thermal energy without the need to generate electricity. A parabolic trough collector (3.6m2) was designed and manufactured, including a dual-axis solar tracking system with and without an insulating function. An insulating cavity was incorporated to minimize the heat losses collected by the absorbed tube. The experiments were carried out during a time of high winds and unfavorable weather in Sabratha City. The findings of the experiments demonstrated that the produced temperature and the collected heat energy progressively increase until they reach their maximum value, and then gradually decrease. The maximum water temperature was 96ºC at a flow rate of 0.5L/min, and the highest amount of heat energy was 550W/m². Wind speed showed an important impact on the produced temperature; therefore, various comparative experiments were carried out in the same climate condition; the experiment with the insulating function presented the least heat loss, and it takes a higher edge of 11% in terms of efficiency. In addition, the water temperature rose to 120°C where steam was generated at a zero flow rate, while the oil reached 194ºC. In addition, a mathematical model was also implemented to theoretically study energy balance; with little expected discrepancy, its predictions and the experimental results agreed. In conclusion, the results presented reasonable markers of interest despite the poor environmental conditions during the experiments.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139280434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After the settlement textures were designed and constructed, they continue to exist without any change for years, and they have considerable effects on building energy consumptions and the natural environment. In addition, with the changes in our lives through the COVİD-19 pandemic, the houses have turned into versatile spaces where we spend most of the time and the amount of energy used in the houses has increased even more. The decrease of energy usage is a top objective in the design of the settlements from an economic and environmental standpoint. Therefore, the design parameters affecting the energy consumptions in the settlement textures are evaluated with a holistic approach, both settlement scale and building scale. The study is focused to determine appropriate values for the design parameters. In addition, energy modelling and simulations were carried out with BIM software, and the use, advantages and capabilities of BIM systems were tested in the energy efficient design for reducing energy consumptions. As a result, energy consumption in buildings get changes greatly in regard to settlement scale and building scale design parameters. Selecting the proper values for design parameters affects the building's energy performance and helps create sustainable and energy-efficient environment.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE BASED ON SETTLEMENT SCALE DESIGN PARAMETERS USING BIM TOOLS","authors":"Mehmet Akif Aydin, Gül Koçlar Oral","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1277880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1277880","url":null,"abstract":"After the settlement textures were designed and constructed, they continue to exist without any change for years, and they have considerable effects on building energy consumptions and the natural environment. In addition, with the changes in our lives through the COVİD-19 pandemic, the houses have turned into versatile spaces where we spend most of the time and the amount of energy used in the houses has increased even more. The decrease of energy usage is a top objective in the design of the settlements from an economic and environmental standpoint. Therefore, the design parameters affecting the energy consumptions in the settlement textures are evaluated with a holistic approach, both settlement scale and building scale. The study is focused to determine appropriate values for the design parameters. In addition, energy modelling and simulations were carried out with BIM software, and the use, advantages and capabilities of BIM systems were tested in the energy efficient design for reducing energy consumptions. As a result, energy consumption in buildings get changes greatly in regard to settlement scale and building scale design parameters. Selecting the proper values for design parameters affects the building's energy performance and helps create sustainable and energy-efficient environment.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139283082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Main results: The system of Christoffel symbols of the connection of an immersion ξ:J→R^n of an n-dimensional manifold J in the n-dimensional linear space R^n is a system of generators of the differential field of all Aff(n)-invariant differential rational functions of ξ, where Aff(n) is the group of all affine transformations of R^n. A similar result have obtained for the subgroup SAff(n) of Aff(n) generated by all unimodular linear transformations and parallel translations of R^n. Rigidity and uniqueness theorems for immersions ξ:J→R^n in geometries of groups Aff(n) and SAff(n) were obtained. These theorems are given in terms of the affine connection and the volume form of immersions.
{"title":"Invariants of Immersions on n-Dimensional Affine Manifold","authors":"D. Khadjiev, Gayrat Beshi̇mov, İdris Ören","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1037048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1037048","url":null,"abstract":"Main results: The system of Christoffel symbols of the connection of an immersion ξ:J→R^n of an n-dimensional manifold J in the n-dimensional linear space R^n is a system of generators of the differential field of all Aff(n)-invariant differential rational functions of ξ, where Aff(n) is the group of all affine transformations of R^n. A similar result have obtained for the subgroup SAff(n) of Aff(n) generated by all unimodular linear transformations and parallel translations of R^n. Rigidity and uniqueness theorems for immersions ξ:J→R^n in geometries of groups Aff(n) and SAff(n) were obtained. These theorems are given in terms of the affine connection and the volume form of immersions.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139290080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power electronic systems are rapidly evolving; thus, effective prototyping methods are required to test control algorithms and assess system performance prior to hardware implementation. This research suggests a Model-In-The-Loop (MIL), Software-In-The-Loop (SIL), and Processor-In-The-Loop (PIL) methodologies-based complete prototyping strategy for flyback converters using the TI F28069M Launchpad kit. These techniques can be combined to evaluate control strategies accurately and quickly, speeding up design cycles and enhancing system reliability. The proposed prototyping platform is presented in this work, along with a thorough explanation of each prototyping stage and its associated advantages. The effectiveness of the suggested approach for 50W rated power flyback converter in terms of quick algorithm development, system simulation, real-time control implementation and controller design accuracy is analyzed and shown by experimental results. The results show that the performance of the designed controller for the flyback converter is almost the same as in MIL and SIL implementation in terms of the overshoot and settling time in the reference voltage tracking. On the other hand, in the PIL implementation, the overshoot performance of the controller deviates by 1.18% more than in SIL and MIL implementation. These also confirm that the flyback control system's performance is reliable and effective during all phases of development.
电力电子系统发展迅速，因此需要有效的原型开发方法，以便在硬件实施之前测试控制算法和评估系统性能。本研究提出了一种基于模型在环 (MIL)、软件在环 (SIL) 和处理器在环 (PIL) 方法的完整原型开发策略，适用于使用 TI F28069M Launchpad 套件的反激式转换器。这些技术可结合使用，以准确快速地评估控制策略，从而加快设计周期并提高系统可靠性。本作品介绍了所建议的原型验证平台，并对每个原型验证阶段及其相关优势进行了详细说明。实验结果分析并显示了针对 50W 额定功率反激式转换器所建议的方法在快速算法开发、系统仿真、实时控制实现和控制器设计精度方面的有效性。结果表明，反激式转换器的设计控制器在参考电压跟踪的过冲和沉淀时间方面的性能与 MIL 和 SIL 实现几乎相同。另一方面，在 PIL 实现中，控制器的过冲性能比 SIL 和 MIL 实现多偏差 1.18%。这也证实了反激式控制系统在所有开发阶段的性能都是可靠和有效的。
{"title":"MIL, SIL and PIL Implementation for Closed Loop Control of Flyback Converter","authors":"Muhammad Ali, İsmet Şen, Saliha Öztürk, Emre Avci","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1342626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1342626","url":null,"abstract":"Power electronic systems are rapidly evolving; thus, effective prototyping methods are required to test control algorithms and assess system performance prior to hardware implementation. This research suggests a Model-In-The-Loop (MIL), Software-In-The-Loop (SIL), and Processor-In-The-Loop (PIL) methodologies-based complete prototyping strategy for flyback converters using the TI F28069M Launchpad kit. These techniques can be combined to evaluate control strategies accurately and quickly, speeding up design cycles and enhancing system reliability. The proposed prototyping platform is presented in this work, along with a thorough explanation of each prototyping stage and its associated advantages. The effectiveness of the suggested approach for 50W rated power flyback converter in terms of quick algorithm development, system simulation, real-time control implementation and controller design accuracy is analyzed and shown by experimental results. The results show that the performance of the designed controller for the flyback converter is almost the same as in MIL and SIL implementation in terms of the overshoot and settling time in the reference voltage tracking. On the other hand, in the PIL implementation, the overshoot performance of the controller deviates by 1.18% more than in SIL and MIL implementation. These also confirm that the flyback control system's performance is reliable and effective during all phases of development.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139301462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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