Event-related brain potentials study of arithmetic fact retrieval in children with different math achievement levels

ABSTRACT Fact retrieval deficits have been documented in children with mathematical learning disabilities. We assessed the retrieval of arithmetic facts in neurotypical 9-to-10-year-old children with different mathematical achievement levels using event-related potential methods while performing an arithmetic verification task (addition, subtraction, and multiplication). Forty-eight participants were divided into High (H), Average (A), and Low (L) mathematics performance according to their scores on The Wide Range Achievement Test 4 (WRAT4). Children determined whether appearing digits matched or not the correct solution of the preceding problem. L group showed a lower number of correct responses, prolonged reaction times, and poorer performance on working memory (WM) tasks. P300 component showed significantly higher amplitudes for correct solutions in H, while N270 showed higher amplitudes for incorrect solutions. L children showed difficulty in recovering arithmetic facts and poorly modulated N270 and P300 components, probably reflecting WM processing problems affecting the construction and retrieval of numerical information.