俄罗斯最动荡的地区:北高加索地区当代极端主义对全球安全的威胁

IF 0.7 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Russian Politics Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI:10.30965/24518921-00604013
M. Popov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

21世纪初,在北高加索地区,种族非政治化进程为地区政治的民主重组创造了机会,但宗教政治化进程取而代之。与20世纪90年代初和中期相比,政治化地区认同的新阶段始于2000年代中期,其特点是在俄罗斯最动荡地区的冲突进程中存在积极的忏悔因素。宗教极端主义作为对地区和全球安全的长期威胁,正成为北高加索大规模去现代化和种族动员的主要来源。目前打击恐怖主义和极端主义的方法助长了现有的社会不稳定、不平等、分裂、对地区和联邦当局的怨恨和不满。由于俄罗斯多年的反恐战略(包括“集体责任”战略),高加索酋长国已经解体,几乎无法运作,然而,这也可以解释为ISIS在该地区的意识形态扩张。如今,ISIS的宣传和重新崛起的塔利班在北高加索青年中找到了受众,鼓动他们在俄罗斯或国外走上全球圣战的道路。仍未解决和解决的旷日持久的区域冲突演变成宗教极端主义,引发新一轮暴力,克服暴力的可能性大大降低。ISIS的长期活动和塔利班日益增长的作用为北高加索地区进一步转变为当代圣战主义有影响力的地缘政治中心之一创造了有利条件。
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Russia’s Most Volatile Region: Contemporary Extremist Threats to Global Security in the North Caucasus
At the beginning of the 21st century in the North Caucasus, the processes of depoliticizing ethnicity, which created an opportunity for a democratic restructuring of regional politics, gave way to the process of politicizing religion. A new stage of politicized regional identity, which began in the middle of the 2000s, in contrast to the beginning and the middle of the 1990s, is characterized by an active confessional factor in conflict processes in Russia’s most volatile region. Religious extremism as a protracted threat to regional and global security is becoming the main source of North Caucasian large-scale demodernization and ethnic mobilization. Current approaches to combating terrorism and extremism fuel existing social instability, inequality, disintegration, resentment and discontent with regional and federal authorities. As a result of many years of Russian counter-terrorism strategies (including the strategy of ‘collective responsibility’), the Caucasus Emirate has disintegrated and is almost non-functioning, however, this is also explained by an ideological expansion of ISIS in the region. Today, ISIS propaganda and reemerging Taliban find their audience between North Caucasian youth, agitating them to embark on the path of global jihad in Russia or abroad. Remaining unresolved and unsettled, protracted regional conflicts turn into religious extremism, giving rise to a new round of violence, the likelihood of overcoming which is significantly reduced. The long-term activities of ISIS and the growing role of the Taliban create favorable conditions for the further transformation of the North Caucasus into one of the influential geopolitical centers of contemporary jihadism.
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来源期刊
Russian Politics
Russian Politics Arts and Humanities-History
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
12.50%
发文量
19
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