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引用次数: 1
摘要
本文考虑应用态度框架(Martin & White 2005)来研究人类行为的评价。重新审视和系统化了固有(明确)和被调用(间接)态度之间的区别,以便更好地实施对行为评估的分析。一般的语言评估触发器被确定为铭刻和调用评估,并且注释方案应用于来自不同注册(精神病学手册,教育指南和非正式在线交流)的关于ADHD的文本语料库。行为的间接评价被描述为从(i)个人的行为,(ii)行为结果,(iii)行为或其结果对第三方的影响以及后者可能采取的行动中得出的态度推断。有人提出,对人们行为的间接评价是通过在行动场景的不同部分中绘制的因果关系来转喻地推断出来的。概念转喻解释了态度分析中观察到的方向性(欣赏态度类型可以作为判断的标志),它表明不间接评价人类行为就不可能评价绩效。
Redefining attitude for studying explicit and indirect evaluations of human behaviour
This article considers the application of the Attitude framework (Martin &
White 2005) to study the evaluation of human behaviour. The distinction between inscribed (explicit) and invoked
(indirect) attitude is re-examined and systematised to better operationalise the analysis of the evaluation of behaviour. General
linguistic evaluation triggers are identified for inscribed and invoked evaluations, and the annotation scheme is applied in a
corpus of texts from different registers (a psychiatric manual, educational guidelines and informal online exchanges) concerned
with ADHD. Indirect evaluations of behaviour are described as attitudinal inferences derived from (i) the behaviours of the
individuals, (ii) the behavioural outcomes, (iii) the impact that the behaviour or its outcomes have on third parties and the
actions that the latter may perform as a result. It is proposed that indirect evaluations of people’s behaviour are metonymically
inferred through an effect→cause relation drawn across the different parts of an action scenario. The conceptual metonymy
explains the directionality observed in attitude analyses (Appreciation attitude type may stand as tokens of Judgment), and it
shows the impossibility of evaluating performances without indirectly appraising the human behaver.
期刊介绍:
Functions of Language is an international journal of linguistics which explores the functionalist perspective on the organisation and use of natural language. It encourages the interplay of theory and description, and provides space for the detailed analysis, qualitative or quantitative, of linguistic data from a broad range of languages. Its scope is broad, covering such matters as prosodic phenomena in phonology, the clause in its communicative context, and regularities of pragmatics, conversation and discourse, as well as the interaction between the various levels of analysis. The overall purpose is to contribute to our understanding of how the use of languages in speech and writing has impacted, and continues to impact, upon the structure of those languages.