{"title":"Review of Yus (2023): Pragmatics of internet humour","authors":"Ruijia Zhang, Chang Xu, Shenbin Du","doi":"10.1075/fol.00056.zha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00056.zha","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nung (Tai, Kra-Dai) is a numeral-classifier language that contains the Classifier-Noun (cl-n, or “bare classifier”) construction. Drawing on Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar (Langacker 1987, 2004, 2008, 2017) (CG), I argue that the use of a Nung cl-n phrase is only possible when it refers to a unique instance in the current discourse frame of the current discourse space. This explains why cl-n phrases show a definite-like meaning contrast with other types of nominal phrases (NPs) in Nung, as well as why Nung cl-n phrases can be interpreted as either specific or non-specific indefinite. This paper makes two theoretical contributions. Firstly, it shows that the existing theory of numeral classifiers within CG, which is based on the unitization function of numeral classifiers, is not sufficient to account for the meaning contrast between cl-n and other types of NP in Nung. Secondly, given that a referent that exists in the current discourse frame need not exist in the actual world or pre-exist in the discourse, this paper illustrates how a referent can satisfy a presupposition of uniqueness without satisfying a presupposition of existence in the actual world or in the discourse.
{"title":"Definite-like meaning of bare classifiers in Nung","authors":"Esther Lam","doi":"10.1075/fol.22042.lam","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.22042.lam","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nung (Tai, Kra-Dai) is a numeral-classifier language that contains the Classifier-Noun (cl-n, or “bare\u0000 classifier”) construction. Drawing on Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar (Langacker 1987,\u0000 2004, 2008, 2017) (CG), I argue that the use of a Nung cl-n phrase is only possible when it refers to a\u0000 unique instance in the current discourse frame of the current discourse space. This explains why cl-n\u0000 phrases show a definite-like meaning contrast with other types of nominal phrases (NPs) in Nung, as well as why Nung cl-n\u0000 phrases can be interpreted as either specific or non-specific indefinite. This paper makes two theoretical contributions. Firstly,\u0000 it shows that the existing theory of numeral classifiers within CG, which is based on the unitization function of numeral\u0000 classifiers, is not sufficient to account for the meaning contrast between cl-n and other types of NP in Nung. Secondly,\u0000 given that a referent that exists in the current discourse frame need not exist in the actual world or pre-exist in the\u0000 discourse, this paper illustrates how a referent can satisfy a presupposition of uniqueness without satisfying a presupposition of\u0000 existence in the actual world or in the discourse.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qinghong Xu, Ru Ya, Ermiao Zhang, Jie Li, Ruhan Ah, Min Li
This study investigates how integrated egocentric and environmental reference frames influence direction determination and cardinal direction judgments in L1 speakers of Mongolian and Mandarin. The results show that in direction determination, Mandarin participants’ integrated frame of reference is “front-north, back-south, left-west, and right-east.” By contrast, Mongolian participants use two modes of integrated spatial representation: “front-south, back-north, left-east, and right-west” and “front-north, back-south, left-west, and right-east”. This behavior points to influences from the participants’ dominant and non-dominant languages. Mongolian and Mandarin participants showed a north advantage in cardinal direction judgment tasks with a “front-north” response configuration. Whereas Mandarin participants consistently showed a north advantage effect, Mongolian participants showed a south advantage effect in the “front-south” configuration. This suggests that in addition to the long-recognized difference in north-south/east-west axis preference, a north-south axis specification where south was the normative direction instead of north can result from cultural and linguistic influence. The results corroborate the idea that language affects the integration of spatial reference frames, lending support to linguistic relativism.
{"title":"Cardinal direction judgment based on the integration of spatial reference frames in different\u0000 languages","authors":"Qinghong Xu, Ru Ya, Ermiao Zhang, Jie Li, Ruhan Ah, Min Li","doi":"10.1075/fol.22038.xu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.22038.xu","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigates how integrated egocentric and environmental reference frames influence direction\u0000 determination and cardinal direction judgments in L1 speakers of Mongolian and Mandarin. The results show that in direction\u0000 determination, Mandarin participants’ integrated frame of reference is “front-north, back-south, left-west, and right-east.” By\u0000 contrast, Mongolian participants use two modes of integrated spatial representation: “front-south, back-north, left-east, and\u0000 right-west” and “front-north, back-south, left-west, and right-east”. This behavior points to influences from the participants’\u0000 dominant and non-dominant languages. Mongolian and Mandarin participants showed a north advantage in cardinal direction judgment\u0000 tasks with a “front-north” response configuration. Whereas Mandarin participants consistently showed a north advantage effect,\u0000 Mongolian participants showed a south advantage effect in the “front-south” configuration. This suggests that in addition to the\u0000 long-recognized difference in north-south/east-west axis preference, a north-south axis specification where south was the\u0000 normative direction instead of north can result from cultural and linguistic influence. The results corroborate the idea that\u0000 language affects the integration of spatial reference frames, lending support to linguistic relativism.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"5 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Kim, Martin, Shin & Choi (2023): Korean grammar: A systemic functional approach","authors":"Meizi Li","doi":"10.1075/fol.00055.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00055.li","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"50 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyzes the L1-acquisition of discourse like and its pragmatic functions in American English based on the Home-School Study of Language and Literacy Development component of the Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES). The data show that discourse like is already present in the speech of 3- and 4-year-old children and that even very young children employ like to perform distinct pragmatic functions with specifying uses being dominant until age 8;5. The analysis also shows a notable increase in discourse like as children mature, mainly driven by an increase in attention-directing like, the dominant function of discourse like among children older than 8;5. Conditional inference trees show that the use of discourse like by children is affected by a child’s age, the situation type and the frequency of discourse like in caregivers’ input. Children younger than 7;10 use discourse like only rarely in formal contexts as well as in informal contexts if their caregivers do not use discourse like frequently. However, children use discourse like substantially more if they are older than 7;10 or, in informal contexts, when their caregivers use discourse like frequently. The changes in frequency and the functional shifts in the use of like around the ages of 7 to 9 is interpreted to show that peers become more important as linguistic role models when children enter school. The results thus substantiate research which suggests that the pragmatic and social meanings of discourse markers are learned alongside linguistic constraints rather than after the form has been acquired.
{"title":"On the L1-acquisition of the pragmatics of discourse like","authors":"M. Schweinberger","doi":"10.1075/fol.20025.sch","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.20025.sch","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study analyzes the L1-acquisition of discourse like and its pragmatic functions in American\u0000 English based on the Home-School Study of Language and Literacy Development component of the Child\u0000 Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES). The data show that discourse like is already present in the\u0000 speech of 3- and 4-year-old children and that even very young children employ like to perform distinct pragmatic\u0000 functions with specifying uses being dominant until age 8;5. The analysis also shows a notable increase in discourse\u0000 like as children mature, mainly driven by an increase in attention-directing like, the\u0000 dominant function of discourse like among children older than 8;5. Conditional inference trees show that the use\u0000 of discourse like by children is affected by a child’s age, the situation type and the frequency of discourse\u0000 like in caregivers’ input. Children younger than 7;10 use discourse like only rarely in\u0000 formal contexts as well as in informal contexts if their caregivers do not use discourse like frequently.\u0000 However, children use discourse like substantially more if they are older than 7;10 or, in informal contexts,\u0000 when their caregivers use discourse like frequently. The changes in frequency and the functional shifts in the\u0000 use of like around the ages of 7 to 9 is interpreted to show that peers become more important as linguistic role\u0000 models when children enter school. The results thus substantiate research which suggests that the pragmatic and social meanings of\u0000 discourse markers are learned alongside linguistic constraints rather than after the form has been acquired.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45787311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Dove (2022): Abstract concepts and the embodied mind: Rethinking grounded cognition","authors":"Jiayin Li","doi":"10.1075/fol.00054.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00054.li","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46301713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Kiaer (2023): Multimodal communication in young multilingual children: Learning beyond words","authors":"Pan Pan, Hongqiang Zhu","doi":"10.1075/fol.00053.pan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00053.pan","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41437899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides insight into the phenomenon of extra negation, also known as non-compositional, expletive, or pleonastic negation. It provides a corpus-based analysis of the Dutch negative privative construction, which consists of zonder ‘without’ and niet ‘not’, in which one negation does not cancel the other. Two basic factors that trigger an extra negation are discussed, and an explanation of why these factors facilitate the use of an extra negation is offered. It is argued that the extra negation has a semantic-pragmatic function that is reminiscent of similar instances of extra negation in Dutch and other languages, specifically sentences consisting of a main clause and a subordinate clause containing a word which expresses implicit negation. It is shown that in complex hypotactic constructions, the extra negation is used to make explicit in the subordinate clause that the presupposition of non-occurrence is rejected.
{"title":"The function of extra negation","authors":"E. Fortuin","doi":"10.1075/fol.21047.for","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.21047.for","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper provides insight into the phenomenon of extra negation, also known as non-compositional, expletive, or\u0000 pleonastic negation. It provides a corpus-based analysis of the Dutch negative privative construction, which consists of\u0000 zonder ‘without’ and niet ‘not’, in which one negation does not cancel the other. Two basic\u0000 factors that trigger an extra negation are discussed, and an explanation of why these factors facilitate the use of an extra\u0000 negation is offered. It is argued that the extra negation has a semantic-pragmatic function that is reminiscent of similar\u0000 instances of extra negation in Dutch and other languages, specifically sentences consisting of a main clause and a subordinate\u0000 clause containing a word which expresses implicit negation. It is shown that in complex hypotactic constructions, the extra\u0000 negation is used to make explicit in the subordinate clause that the presupposition of non-occurrence is rejected.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43076246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper provides evidence against the claim that perceptual access is commonly encoded in direct evidentials. While visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory perception are conveyed by direct evidentials in contexts where such interpretations are appropriate, in others it is the speaker’s involvement, affectedness and established beliefs which are conveyed. These may be exclusive to the speaker or shared by the addressee. Instead of information source, it is argued that some direct evidentials encode the speaker’s epistemic authority regarding an event based on their primary relation to the event. Epistemic authority concerns the speaker’s rights over knowledge and is therefore a relational concept that captures some of the dynamics between speech act participants in terms of knowledge representation and attribution. Support for this argument comes from the diachronic development of direct evidentials, the effects of co-distribution between direct evidentials and person marking (egophoricity), and patterns of use. Data comes from the literature on evidentiality and frequently cited languages from Tucanoan and Quechuan languages that feature well-described, rich evidential systems.
{"title":"Seeing and knowing","authors":"Henrik Bergqvist","doi":"10.1075/fol.22006.ber","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.22006.ber","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper provides evidence against the claim that perceptual access is commonly encoded in direct evidentials.\u0000 While visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory perception are conveyed by direct evidentials in contexts where such interpretations\u0000 are appropriate, in others it is the speaker’s involvement, affectedness and established beliefs which are conveyed. These may be\u0000 exclusive to the speaker or shared by the addressee. Instead of information source, it is argued that some direct evidentials\u0000 encode the speaker’s epistemic authority regarding an event based on their primary relation to the event. Epistemic authority\u0000 concerns the speaker’s rights over knowledge and is therefore a relational concept that captures some of the dynamics between\u0000 speech act participants in terms of knowledge representation and attribution. Support for this argument comes from the diachronic\u0000 development of direct evidentials, the effects of co-distribution between direct evidentials and person marking (egophoricity),\u0000 and patterns of use. Data comes from the literature on evidentiality and frequently cited languages from Tucanoan and Quechuan\u0000 languages that feature well-described, rich evidential systems.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42254693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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