计量学中的心理实验与测量不确定度的复杂形式表示

V. Chalyy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究了思想实验的本质及其在计量学中评估和呈现测量结果的应用。想象中的实验有一个假设的演绎结构,在制定的程序、计划方案的基础上进行,基于经验,基于所研究现象的真实规律,不超出经验前提的界限。测量的“不确定性”一词从三个方面考虑:对现实世界物体的定量知识、获得实用测量信息的技术程序、对测量信息的评估以做出明智的决策和风险管理。根据GUM概念的具体特点,分析了现有测量不确定度分量评估方法的不足。在这个概念中,测量不确定度的所有组成部分都被抽象地分为两类——A和B,而分类标准没有充分的理由。提出了一种基于真实或心理实验对不确定度分量进行分类的方法,所获得的结果被称为真实(标准)不确定度和图像不确定度。总不确定度被认为是一个复值,并根据实和虚实验结果的正交向量进行计算。对测量不确定度的拟议解释可以更好地理解不确定性的性质,简化输入和计算。
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Mental Experiment in Metrology and Representation of Measurement Uncertainty in a Complex Form
The essence of the thought experiment and its use in metrology for evaluating and presenting measurement results are studied. An imaginary experiment has a hypothetical-deductive structure, carried out on the basis of the developed program, plan-scheme, is based on experience and is based on the real laws of the phenomena under study and does not go beyond the boundaries of empirical preconditions. The term «uncertainty» of measurement is considered in three aspects: quantitative knowledge of objects of the real world, the technical procedure for obtaining pragmatic measurement information, evaluation of the measured information for making informed decisions and risk management. An analyzed of the shortcomings of exis­ting methods to assess the components of measurement uncertainty, based on the specific features of the GUM concept. In this concept, all components of measurement uncertainty are grouped abstractly into two categories - A and B without sufficient justification of the classification criteria. A method for classifying the components of uncertainty based on a real or mental experiment is proposed, and the results obtained are referred to as real (standard) uncertainty «and» imagi­nary (standard) uncertainty». The total uncertainty is considered as a complex value and is calculated on the basis of orthogonal vectors of the results of real and imaginary experiments. The proposed interpretation of the uncertainty of measurement gives a better understan­ding of the nature of uncertainty, simplifies entries and calculations.
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