Entre los Muros del Asilo. Los Procesos de Nacionalización en los Centros Tutelares de Menores en la España del Primer Franquismo

The article proposes to know how the formation of the national identity took place in the tutelary institutions of the first Francoism, during the stage of primary schooling, in the city of Madrid. To do this, a documentary collection of reports on practices and the statistics of the yearbooks of the National Institute of Statistics are used. Applying a historical-educational methodology, the texts and photographs of the archive are analyzed around three categories: national identity, educational practices, and the gender perspective. The results show the politicization and indoctrination to which the students were subjected in these centers, in which the symbology, the school subjects and the daily practices became tools to train in their own education of each sex and social class. The study advances the need to carry out new research with alternative sources and in other contexts in order to know how this education was lived by those who suffered the "protection" of National-Catholicism in the post-war tutelary institutions.