植物激素和环境信号对水稻根系结构的调控

IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Israel Journal of Plant Sciences Pub Date : 2020-02-25 DOI:10.1163/22238980-20191108
Chen Lin, M. Sauter
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引用次数: 7

摘要

干旱和洪水是极端环境,也是农作物生产的主要威胁。植物根系通过探索新的土壤空间来实现水分吸收,以缓解干旱期间的水分不足或应对洪水期间的水分过剩。根系结构的适应有助于植物应对这种极端条件,对植物的健康和生存至关重要。对于双子叶植物,模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)已经得到了充分的研究,为根系的遗传和分子调控提供了见解,但对于单子叶植物,包括农学上重要的谷类作物,所获得的信息较少。水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是一种半水生单子叶植物,具有很强的抗洪能力。水稻的耐涝性与其根系适应性密切相关。水稻的功能根系主要由冠根组成,在淹水期间转移到节不定根,这使得水稻能够维持根系的氧气供应,并且与其他作物相比,能够在较长时间的部分淹没中存活。同样,水稻的许多耐旱性状是根系结构改变的结果。因此,根系的结构既能适应洪水,也能适应干旱。了解控制根系适应极端环境的调控机制是科学家加快培育耐胁迫作物的关键任务。本文对近年来发现的水稻根系结构调控基因和分子机制进行了综述。
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Control of root system architecture by phytohormones and environmental signals in rice
Drought and flooding are environmental extremes and major threats to crop production. Water uptake is achieved by plant roots which have to explore new soil spaces to alleviate water deficit during drought or to cope with water excess during flooding. Adaptation of the root system architecture helps plants cope with such extreme conditions and is crucial for plant health and survival. While for dicot plants the well studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has provided insight into the genetic and molecular regulation of the root system, less information is available for monocot species, which include the agronomically important cereal crops. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a semi-aquatic monocot plant that develops strong tolerance to flooding. Flooding tolerance of rice is closely linked to its adaptive root system. The functional root system of rice is mainly composed of crown roots and is shifted to nodal adventitious roots during flooding which allows rice to maintain oxygen supply to the roots and to survive longer periods of partial submergence as compared with other crops. Likewise, a number of drought-tolerance traits of rice are the result of an altered root system architecture. Hence, the structure of the root system adapts to, both, flooding and drought. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control root system adaptation to extreme environments is a key task for scientists to accelerate the breeding efforts for stress-tolerant crops. This review summarizes recently identified genes and molecular mechanisms that regulate root system architecture in rice in response to drought and flooding.
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来源期刊
Israel Journal of Plant Sciences
Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
17
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Israel Journal of Plant Sciences is an international journal of extensive scope that publishes special issues dealing with all aspects of plant sciences, including but not limited to: physiology, cell biology, development, botany, genetic
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