{"title":"立地和树径对铁木木材密度和树皮特性的影响","authors":"Tarquinio Mateus Magalhães","doi":"10.33494/NZJFS512021X32X","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Wood and bark are important renewable natural resources. Density is an important property that is used to describe wood and bark quality for a number of end uses. However, wood and bark density, bark proportion and dimensions vary with age and site, as well as among and within trees. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of site, diameter class, and vertical position within the stem on the density of wood and bark, bark volume, bark dry-mass and thickness of Lebombo ironwood (Androstachys johnsonii Prain).\nMethods: The study was conducted on 93 Lemombo ironwood trees growing in Mozambique. Eight discs were sampled from each selected tree and diameter over and under bark was measured. Bark thickness, bark mass and bark density were determined along with the basic wood density of each disc.\nResults: The overall average whole-stem properties were estimated at: 786 kg m–3 wood density, 586 kg m–3 bark density, 19% bark volume, 19% bark dry-mass, and 9 mm bark thickness. Height level uniquely explained most of the variation in bark mass (97%), bark volume (95%) and wood density (86%). Diameter class explained most of the variation in bark density (51%) and bark thickness (51%). Site only explained a small proportion of the variation in all dependent variables.\nConclusions: Overall, the patterns of variation of all wood and bark properties were highly dependent on tree diameter class and vertical position within the stem. Site differences were not a significant source of variation in the properties studied. Improved knowledge of the wood and bark properties of this species will aid its sustainable management and utilisation.","PeriodicalId":19172,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of site and tree size on wood density and bark properties of Lebombo ironwood (Androstachys johnsonii Prain)\",\"authors\":\"Tarquinio Mateus Magalhães\",\"doi\":\"10.33494/NZJFS512021X32X\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Background: Wood and bark are important renewable natural resources. Density is an important property that is used to describe wood and bark quality for a number of end uses. However, wood and bark density, bark proportion and dimensions vary with age and site, as well as among and within trees. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of site, diameter class, and vertical position within the stem on the density of wood and bark, bark volume, bark dry-mass and thickness of Lebombo ironwood (Androstachys johnsonii Prain).\\nMethods: The study was conducted on 93 Lemombo ironwood trees growing in Mozambique. Eight discs were sampled from each selected tree and diameter over and under bark was measured. Bark thickness, bark mass and bark density were determined along with the basic wood density of each disc.\\nResults: The overall average whole-stem properties were estimated at: 786 kg m–3 wood density, 586 kg m–3 bark density, 19% bark volume, 19% bark dry-mass, and 9 mm bark thickness. Height level uniquely explained most of the variation in bark mass (97%), bark volume (95%) and wood density (86%). Diameter class explained most of the variation in bark density (51%) and bark thickness (51%). Site only explained a small proportion of the variation in all dependent variables.\\nConclusions: Overall, the patterns of variation of all wood and bark properties were highly dependent on tree diameter class and vertical position within the stem. Site differences were not a significant source of variation in the properties studied. Improved knowledge of the wood and bark properties of this species will aid its sustainable management and utilisation.\",\"PeriodicalId\":19172,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science\",\"volume\":\"51 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2021-04-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.33494/NZJFS512021X32X\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"FORESTRY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.33494/NZJFS512021X32X","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"FORESTRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
摘要
背景:木材和树皮是重要的可再生自然资源。密度是一个重要的属性,用于描述木材和树皮的质量,用于许多最终用途。然而,木材和树皮密度、树皮比例和尺寸随树龄和地点、树木之间和树木内部而变化。摘要本文研究了林分、径级和茎内垂直位置对铁木木皮密度、树皮体积、树皮干质量和树皮厚度的影响。方法:对生长在莫桑比克的93棵Lemombo铁树进行了研究。从每棵选定的树上取样8个圆盘,测量树皮上和树皮下的直径。测定树皮厚度、树皮质量和树皮密度,同时测定各组片的基本木材密度。结果:总体平均全茎特性估计为:786 kg m-3木材密度,586 kg m-3树皮密度,19%树皮体积,19%树皮干质量和9 mm树皮厚度。高度水平唯一地解释了树皮质量(97%)、树皮体积(95%)和木材密度(86%)的大部分变化。直径等级解释了树皮密度(51%)和树皮厚度(51%)的大部分变化。Site只解释了所有因变量变化的一小部分。结论:总体而言,所有木材和树皮性质的变化模式高度依赖于树的直径、类别和茎内的垂直位置。地点差异并不是研究性状变异的重要来源。提高对该树种木材和树皮特性的了解将有助于其可持续管理和利用。
Effects of site and tree size on wood density and bark properties of Lebombo ironwood (Androstachys johnsonii Prain)
Background: Wood and bark are important renewable natural resources. Density is an important property that is used to describe wood and bark quality for a number of end uses. However, wood and bark density, bark proportion and dimensions vary with age and site, as well as among and within trees. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of site, diameter class, and vertical position within the stem on the density of wood and bark, bark volume, bark dry-mass and thickness of Lebombo ironwood (Androstachys johnsonii Prain).
Methods: The study was conducted on 93 Lemombo ironwood trees growing in Mozambique. Eight discs were sampled from each selected tree and diameter over and under bark was measured. Bark thickness, bark mass and bark density were determined along with the basic wood density of each disc.
Results: The overall average whole-stem properties were estimated at: 786 kg m–3 wood density, 586 kg m–3 bark density, 19% bark volume, 19% bark dry-mass, and 9 mm bark thickness. Height level uniquely explained most of the variation in bark mass (97%), bark volume (95%) and wood density (86%). Diameter class explained most of the variation in bark density (51%) and bark thickness (51%). Site only explained a small proportion of the variation in all dependent variables.
Conclusions: Overall, the patterns of variation of all wood and bark properties were highly dependent on tree diameter class and vertical position within the stem. Site differences were not a significant source of variation in the properties studied. Improved knowledge of the wood and bark properties of this species will aid its sustainable management and utilisation.
期刊介绍:
The New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science is an international journal covering the breadth of forestry science. Planted forests are a particular focus but manuscripts on a wide range of forestry topics will also be considered. The journal''s scope covers forestry species, which are those capable of reaching at least five metres in height at maturity in the place they are located, but not grown or managed primarily for fruit or nut production.