对陆基和海上风能开发的优先环境问题进行国际评估

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Global Sustainability Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI:10.1017/sus.2022.14
Rebecca Green, Elizabeth Gill, Cris D. Hein, L. Couturier, Miguel Mascarenhas, R. May, D. Newell, B. Rumes
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引用次数: 2

摘要

非技术性摘要需要大幅增加全球风能部署,以帮助实现减少全球碳排放和限制气候变化影响的国际目标。为了应对全球对风能环境影响的担忧,国际能源署风能技术合作计划启动了任务34——共同解决风能或WREN的环境影响。作为WREN的一部分,本研究与全球风能和环境界进行了国际评估,以确定未来5-10年的优先环境问题,并帮助支持研究人员、开发商、监管机构和利益相关者之间的合作互动。技术摘要利用国际社会的反馈进行了系统评估,以确定陆上和海上风能开发的优先环境问题。鉴于风能开发的全球性质,正在进行或计划进行风能开发的所有国家都感兴趣,以帮助实现联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会的目标。该评估将未来5-10年与风能开发相关的环境问题列为优先事项,共收到28个国家的294份回复。对于陆基风电,排名最高的问题包括火山物种(鸟类和蝙蝠)的涡轮机碰撞风险、对物种和生态系统的累积影响,以及回避和流离失所等间接影响。对于海上风电,排名最高的问题包括累积效应、涡轮机碰撞风险、水下噪音(如海洋哺乳动物和鱼类)和位移。这些优先事项的新考虑因素包括未来技术的潜在应用(如大型涡轮机和浮动涡轮机)、前沿地区的新压力源和物种,以及区域范围内多个项目的累积影响。对于陆基和海上风电,最小化措施(如探测和威慑技术)的有效性以及监测、最小化和缓解的成本被确定为首要挑战。社交媒体摘要风机碰撞和累积效应是风能开发的国际环境优先事项。
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International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development
Non-technical summary A substantial increase in wind energy deployment worldwide is required to help achieve international targets for decreasing global carbon emissions and limiting the impacts of climate change. In response to global concerns regarding the environmental effects of wind energy, the International Energy Agency Wind Technical Collaborative Program initiated Task 34 – Working Together to Resolve Environmental Effects of Wind Energy or WREN. As part of WREN, this study performed an international assessment with the global wind energy and environmental community to determine priority environmental issues over the next 5‒10 years and help support collaborative interactions among researchers, developers, regulators, and stakeholders. Technical summary A systematic assessment was performed using feedback from the international community to identify priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development. Given the global nature of wind energy development, feedback was of interest from all countries where such development is underway or planned to help meet United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change targets. The assessment prioritized environmental issues over the next 5–10 years associated with wind energy development and received a total of 294 responses from 28 countries. For land-based wind, the highest-ranked issues included turbine collision risk for volant species (birds and bats), cumulative effects on species and ecosystems, and indirect effects such as avoidance and displacement. For offshore wind, the highest-ranked issues included cumulative effects, turbine collision risk, underwater noise (e.g. marine mammals and fish), and displacement. Emerging considerations for these priorities include potential application to future technologies (e.g. larger turbines and floating turbines), new stressors and species in frontier regions, and cumulative effects for multiple projects at a regional scale. For both land-based and offshore wind, effectiveness of minimization measures (e.g. detection and deterrence technologies) and costs for monitoring, minimization, and mitigation were identified as overarching challenges. Social media summary Turbine collisions and cumulative effects among the international environmental priorities for wind energy development.
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来源期刊
Global Sustainability
Global Sustainability Environmental Science-Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
CiteScore
10.90
自引率
3.60%
发文量
19
审稿时长
17 weeks
期刊最新文献
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