国际仲裁和妇女外交政策行动主义的根源

IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI:10.1017/S153778142300004X
Megan Threlkeld
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引用次数: 0

摘要

乍一看,国际仲裁——一种和平解决国家间争端的法律方法——似乎只是一个属于正式的、男性主导的外交和国际法领域的话题。19世纪晚期的大多数人当然是这样认为的,自那以后,许多历史学家也这样认为。但在19世纪90年代,梅·赖特·休厄尔和贝尔瓦·洛克伍德等杰出女性,以及基督教妇女禁酒联盟等群众组织,对这个问题产生了浓厚的兴趣。这种兴趣奠定了妇女外交政策激进主义的根源,导致她们参与了1898年战争的辩论,并在第一次世界大战期间和之后为和平做出了努力。国际仲裁对妇女有吸引力,因为它补充了她们更为知名的戒酒、选举权和其他事业的运动。作为一种更“文明”的解决冲突的方法,仲裁既是一个更先进、更温和、更平等的社会的象征,也是一个先决条件。因此,它成为妇女争取参与国家公共和政治生活的一个关键组成部分。
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International Arbitration and the Roots of Women’s Foreign Policy Activism
Abstract At first glance, international arbitration—a legalistic method for the peaceful settlement of disputes among nations—may seem like a topic belonging only to the formal, male-dominated realms of diplomacy and international law. Most men in the late nineteenth century certainly thought so, and many historians since have treated it as such. But prominent women like May Wright Sewall and Belva Lockwood, and mass organizations like the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, took a lively interest in the subject in the 1890s. In that interest lay the roots of women’s foreign policy activism that led to their participation in debates over the War of 1898 and their peace efforts during and after World War I. International arbitration appealed to women because it complemented their better-known campaigns for temperance, suffrage, and other causes. As a more “civilized” method of resolving conflicts, arbitration was both a symbol of and a prerequisite for a more advanced, temperate, and equal society. It thus became a key component of women’s arguments for inclusion in the public and political life of the nation.
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