特种部队和执法机构打击恐怖主义和有组织犯罪的最佳国际做法

IF 1.9 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Intelligenza Artificiale Pub Date : 2021-03-23 DOI:10.32370/IA_2021_03_07
N. Pavlovska, M. Kulyk, Yuliia Tereshchenko, H. Strilets, Anatolii Symchuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

因此,这支部队作为宪兵队的组成部分,是建立在军事部队的原则之上的。宪兵是法国为数不多的国家机构之一,已经存在了200多年,其身份为内政部:10.32370/IA_2021_03_07,是法国武装部队的重要组成部分,也是警察系统的极其重要的组成部分。宪兵隶属于国防部(根据总局的权力),在地面上隶属于军区司令部。与此同时,宪兵由内政部和司法部负责运作。武装部队内部的高度自治使宪兵能够将军事职能与纯粹的警察和行政职能相结合。警察和宪兵的区别在于,警察是文职公务员。他们可以穿便服,参加工会,享有政治自由。宪兵还具有军人和军衔的身份,始终穿着制服,无权罢工,并根据军事宪章对从监护人到开除的违规行为负责(例如,因“在执行公务时”饮酒,宪兵受到长达30天的逮捕威胁)。成立奥地利特种部队的必要性取决于采取措施确保前苏联犹太籍移民的安全的紧迫性,因为1973年秋季对他们实施了严重的恐怖主义行为。特种部队“眼镜蛇”进入内政部仓库,拥有双重隶属关系:通过与公共安全负责人的直接战斗,以及在人事问题和后勤方面——奥地利内政部宪兵队的中央指挥部。在著名的英国特种政治部队(特种空勤部队,简称SAS)中,可能是最好的反恐部队。其组成部分——特别项目小组——主要的反恐小组。特种空勤局及其反革命战争中队成立于1942年。训练SAS军人的特点是教会每个士兵掌握打击恐怖主义的所有方法和手段。为了实现这一目标,SAS通过训练周期对其所有中队进行训练。获得的技能会在SP团队的战斗任务后期得到提高。这项工作的主要内容是,在释放人质行动中,训练课程最大限度地接近真实的战斗情况,而人质的角色是平民。包括首相在内的英国政府高级成员亲自参与了SAS的反恐培训和制定释放人质的实际措施,这为其提供了便利。
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Best International Practices of Combating Terrorism and Organised Crime by Special Units and Law Enforcement Agencies
Therefore, this unit as a component of the gendarmerie is built on the principle of a military unit. The gendarmerie, one of the few state institutions in France, has been in existence for over 200 years and has a status as DOI: 10.32370/IA_2021_03_07 a significant component of the country's armed forces and is an extremely important part of the police system. The gendarmerie is subordinated to the Ministry of Defense (on the authority of the Main Directorate), and on the ground - to the command of military districts. At the same time, the gendarmerie is at the operational disposal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Justice. Significant autonomy within the Armed Forces allows the gendarmerie to combine military functions with purely police and administrative ones. The difference between police and gendarmerie is that the police are civilian civil servants. They can wear civilian clothes and trade union and political freedoms. Gendarmes also have the status of servicemen and military ranks, always in uniform, not entitled to strike and are responsible for violations in accordance with military charters - from guardians to dismissal from service (for example, for the use of alcohol "in the performance of official duties" the gendarme is threatened arrest for up to 30 days). The need for the creation of the Austrian Special Forces was conditioned by the urgency of taking measures to ensure the safety of the flow of emigrants of Jewish nationality from the former USSR since in autumn 1973 against them was committed serious terrorist act. Special unit "Cobra" enters the warehouse of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and has got a double subordination: through direct combat engagement to the head of public safety, and in relation to personnel issues and logistics - the central command of the gendarmerie of the Austrian Ministry of Internal Affairs. Among the well-known British Special Political Service (Special Air Service, or SAS) is probably the best counterterrorism unit. Its component - Special Projects (SP) team - the main anti-terrorist squad. The Special Air Service and its Counter Revolutionary Warfare Squadron (CRW) unit, the Antirevolutionary Military Squadron, were founded in 1942. The feature of training SAS servicemen is to teach each soldier to possess all methods and means of combating terrorism. To achieve this, SAS trains all of its squadron through training cycles. Acquired skills are improved later in the SP-team's combat duties. The main thing in the work is the maximum approximation of training sessions to a real combat situation in the conduct of operations on the release of hostages, in the role of which are civilians. Anti-terrorist training of SAS and the development of practical measures for the release of hostages is facilitated by the fact that high-ranking members of the British Government, including the Prime Minister, are personally involved in it.
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Intelligenza Artificiale
Intelligenza Artificiale COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-
CiteScore
3.50
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6.70%
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13
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