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Special Issue NL4AI 2022: Workshop on natural language for artificial intelligence NL4AI 2022 特刊:人工智能自然语言研讨会
IF 1.5 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.3233/ia-230057
Debora Nozza, Lucia Passaro, Marco Polignano
The 2022 edition of NL4AI was co-located with the 21st International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AIxIA 2022) and took place on November 30th in Udine, Italy. The call for papers attracted 17 submissions by 52 different authors from Italy (44), the UK (2), Algeria (4), and Germany (2). After the review process, 13 of 17 papers were accepted for publication (acceptance rate 76.47% ). In terms of topics, the contributions to the workshop span from pure NLP works to broader proposals bridging NLP with other AI applications. Among the accepted articles, we selected two that we considered the most relevant and inspiring for the Italian Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence communities. The authors of these papers have been invited to extend their contribution to this volume, creating an exclusive venue to provide visibility to their egregious work.
2022 年的 NL4AI 与第 21 届意大利人工智能协会国际会议(AIxIA 2022)同期举行,会议于 11 月 30 日在意大利乌迪内举行。论文征集活动吸引了来自意大利(44 篇)、英国(2 篇)、阿尔及利亚(4 篇)和德国(2 篇)的 52 位作者提交了 17 篇论文。经过评审,17 篇论文中有 13 篇被接受发表(接受率为 76.47%)。就主题而言,参加研讨会的论文既有纯粹的 NLP 作品,也有将 NLP 与其他人工智能应用相联系的更广泛的建议。在录用的文章中,我们选择了两篇我们认为与意大利自然语言处理和人工智能界最相关、最具启发性的文章。这些论文的作者已受邀将他们的贡献扩展到本卷中,从而为他们的杰出工作提供了一个独一无二的展示平台。
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引用次数: 0
User-centric item characteristics for personalized multimedia systems: A systematic review 个性化多媒体系统以用户为中心的项目特征:系统综述
IF 1.5 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.3233/ia-230039
Elham Motamedi, Marko Tkalcic
Multimedia item characteristics are used in domains, such as recommender systems and information retrieval. In this work we distinguish two main groups of item characteristics: (i) item-centric item characteristic (ICIC) and (ii) user-centric item characteristic (UCIC). With the term ICIC we denote a characteristic of an item that (a) has roots in the item and (b) has the same value for all users, for example, the duration of a song. With the term UCIC, we denote a characteristic of an item that (a) has roots in the perception of the user from an item characteristic and (b) exhibits some variance across different users, for example, the perceived emotion of a song. We survey recent work that covers various types of UCIC, acquisition methods of UCIC, and domain usage of UCIC. We identify gaps in the research and provide guidelines for future work.
多媒体项目特征可用于推荐系统和信息检索等领域。在这项工作中,我们将项目特征分为两大类:(i) 以项目为中心的项目特征 (ICIC) 和 (ii) 以用户为中心的项目特征 (UCIC)。我们用 ICIC 这个术语来表示项目的特征,它(a) 根植于项目,(b) 对所有用户具有相同的值,例如一首歌的持续时间。用 UCIC 一词,我们表示物品的以下特征:(a) 源自用户对物品特征的感知,(b) 在不同用户之间表现出一定的差异,例如,一首歌的感知情感。我们调查了近期的研究工作,其中包括各种类型的统一用户识别信息、统一用户识别信息的获取方法以及统一用户识别信息的领域使用。我们找出了研究中的不足,并为未来的工作提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
Grounding End-to-End Pre-trained architectures for Semantic Role Labeling in multiple languages 基于端到端预训练的多语言语义角色标注体系结构
Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.3233/ia-230012
Claudiu D. Hromei, Danilo Croce, Roberto Basili
Situated natural language interactions between humans and robots are strictly necessary for complex applications: communication here implies the reference to the environment shared between a user and the robot. This paper proposes a transformer-based architecture that supports the integration of spatial information (as logical representation) about a semantic map of the environment and the input utterances. The generated interpretation is a logical form of the command that makes references to the state of the world through a single end-to-end process, stimulated at each interaction by an explicit linguistic description of the environment. In this specific work, the end-to-end capability of the targeted transformer is studied in light of its multilingual applications where the robot can be queried in different natural languages. The obtained experimental results confirm the applicability of transformers to grounded human-robotic interaction, with benefits in terms of both portability of the approach across domains and effectiveness in terms of reachable accuracy. Moreover, language-specific processing chains are shown to be preferable to large-scale multilingual models for their better trade-off between accuracy and complexity. Overall, the proposed architecture outperforms previous approaches and paves the way for sustainable multilingual architectures.
人类和机器人之间的自然语言交互对于复杂的应用程序是非常必要的:这里的通信意味着对用户和机器人之间共享的环境的引用。本文提出了一种基于转换器的体系结构,该体系结构支持关于环境语义图和输入话语的空间信息(作为逻辑表示)的集成。生成的解释是命令的逻辑形式,它通过单个端到端过程引用世界状态,在每次交互时都通过对环境的明确语言描述来刺激。在这项具体的工作中,研究了目标变压器的端到端能力,根据其多语言应用,机器人可以用不同的自然语言进行查询。获得的实验结果证实了变压器对接地人机交互的适用性,在跨领域的可移植性和可达精度方面的有效性方面都有好处。此外,特定于语言的处理链被证明比大规模多语言模型更可取,因为它们在准确性和复杂性之间有更好的平衡。总的来说,所提出的体系结构优于以前的方法,并为可持续的多语言体系结构铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Combining human intelligence and machine learning for fact-checking: Towards a hybrid human-in-the-loop framework 将人类智能和机器学习结合起来进行事实检查:迈向混合人在循环框架
Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.3233/ia-230011
David La Barbera, Kevin Roitero, Stefano Mizzaro
Online misinformation is posing a serious threat for the modern society. Assessing the veracity of online information is a complex problem which nowadays is addressed by heavily relying on trained fact-checking experts. This solution is not scalable, and due to the importance of the problem the issue gained the attention of the scientific community, which proposed many based on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning methods. Despite the efforts made, the effectiveness of such approaches is not yet enough to allow them to be used without supervision. In this position paper, we propose a hybrid human-in-the-loop framework for fact-checking: we address the misinformation issue by relying on a combination of automatic Artificial Intelligence methods, crowdsourcing ones, and experts. We study the single components of the framework as well as their interactions, and we propose an interleaving of the different components which we believe will serve as a useful starting point for the future research towards effective and scalable fact-checking.
网络错误信息对现代社会构成了严重威胁。评估在线信息的真实性是一个复杂的问题,如今主要依靠训练有素的事实核查专家来解决。这种解决方案是不可扩展的,由于问题的重要性,该问题得到了科学界的重视,提出了许多基于人工智能和机器学习的方法。尽管作出了努力,但这些办法的效力还不足以使它们在没有监督的情况下使用。在这篇立场文件中,我们提出了一个混合的人在循环框架,用于事实核查:我们通过依赖于自动人工智能方法、众包方法和专家的组合来解决错误信息问题。我们研究了框架的单个组件以及它们之间的相互作用,我们提出了不同组件的交错,我们相信这将成为未来研究有效和可扩展的事实检查的有用起点。
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引用次数: 0
A framework for safe decision making: A convex duality approach 安全决策的框架:凸对偶方法
Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.3233/ia-230008
Martino Bernasconi, Federico Cacciamani, Matteo Castiglioni
We study the problem of online interaction in general decision making problems, where the objective is not only to find optimal strategies, but also to satisfy certain safety guarantees, expressed in terms of costs accrued. In particular, we focus on the online learning problem in which an agent has to find the optimal solution of a linear objective. Moreover, the agent has to satisfy a linear safety constraint at each round. We propose a theoretical framework to address such problems and present BAN-SOLO, a UCB-like algorithm that, in an online interaction with an unknown environment, attains sublinear regret of order O ( T ) and satisfies a safety constraint with high probability at each iteration. BAN-SOLO provides a general framework that can be applied to any setting in which estimators of the objective and the cost function are available. At its core, it relies on tools from convex duality to manage environment exploration while satisfying the safety constraint imposed by the problem. To show the applicability of our framework, we provide two game theoretical applications: normal-form games and sequential decision-making problems.
我们研究一般决策问题中的在线交互问题,其目标不仅是找到最优策略,而且要满足一定的安全保证,以累积成本表示。特别地,我们关注在线学习问题,其中智能体必须找到线性目标的最优解。此外,智能体在每一轮都必须满足线性安全约束。我们提出了一个理论框架来解决这些问题,并提出了BAN-SOLO,一种类似ucb的算法,在与未知环境的在线交互中,获得O (T)阶的次线性遗憾,并在每次迭代中以高概率满足安全约束。BAN-SOLO提供了一个通用框架,可以应用于任何有目标估计器和成本函数可用的环境。它的核心是依靠凸对偶的工具来管理环境探索,同时满足问题所施加的安全约束。为了证明我们的框架的适用性,我们提供了两个博弈论应用:正规博弈和顺序决策问题。
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引用次数: 0
The distribution semantics in probabilistic logic programming and probabilistic description logics: a survey 概率逻辑规划中的分布语义与概率描述逻辑综述
IF 1.5 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.3233/IA-221072
Elena Bellodi
Representing uncertain information is crucial for modeling real world domains. This has been fully recognized both in the field of Logic Programming and of Description Logics (DLs), with the introduction of probabilistic logic languages and various probabilistic extensions of DLs respectively. Several works have considered the distribution semantics as the underlying semantics of Probabilistic Logic Programming (PLP) languages and probabilistic DLs (PDLs), and have then targeted the problem of reasoning and learning in them. This paper is a survey of inference, parameter and structure learning algorithms for PLP languages and PDLs based on the distribution semantics. A few of these algorithms are also available as web applications.
表示不确定信息对于建模真实世界领域至关重要。随着概率逻辑语言的引入和描述逻辑的各种概率扩展,这一点在逻辑规划领域和描述逻辑领域都得到了充分的认识。一些著作将分布语义视为概率逻辑规划(PLP)语言和概率dl (pdl)语言的底层语义,并针对其中的推理和学习问题进行了研究。本文综述了基于分布语义的PLP语言和pdl的推理、参数和结构学习算法。其中一些算法也可以作为web应用程序使用。
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引用次数: 0
Click fraud prediction by stacking algorithm 点击堆叠算法欺诈预测
IF 1.5 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.3233/IA-221069
N. Sahllal, E. M. Souidi
Click fraud is the sort of deception in which traffic figures for online ads are intentionally inflated. For businesses that advertise online, click fraud may occur often, resulting in erroneous click statistics and lost funds. That is why many businesses are hesitant to advertise their products on websites and mobile apps. To market their products safely, businesses need a reliable technique for detecting click fraud. In this paper we present a stacking algorithm as a solution to this problem. The proposed method’s premise is to combine multiple learners to achieve an optimal result. The Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) with a combination of undersampling are chosen to handle the unbalanced dataset. In the first-level learners, there are four supervised Machine Learning algorithms, which are AdaBoost, Random Forest, Decision Tree and Logistic Regression. Moreover, Logistic Regression is used again as a the second-level learner. To verify the efficacy of the suggested approach, comparative tests are carried out on the public dataset available on Kaggle from China’s largest independent big data service platform TalkingData. Multiple indicators, such as Accuracy, F1 Score, ROC curve, Loss Log and AUC Score, are utilized to analyze the prediction outcomes. The findings reveal that the stacking method improves forecast accuracy while also maintaining a high level of stability.
点击欺诈是一种故意夸大网络广告流量的欺骗行为。对于在网上做广告的企业来说,点击欺诈可能经常发生,导致错误的点击统计和资金损失。这就是为什么许多企业不愿在网站和移动应用程序上为自己的产品做广告的原因。为了安全地营销他们的产品,企业需要一种可靠的技术来检测点击欺诈。在本文中,我们提出了一个堆叠算法来解决这个问题。所提出的方法的前提是将多个学习者结合起来以获得最佳结果。选择了合成少数过采样技术(SMOTE)和欠采样的组合来处理不平衡的数据集。在一级学习器中,有四种有监督的机器学习算法,分别是AdaBoost、随机森林、决策树和逻辑回归。此外,逻辑回归被再次用作二级学习者。为了验证所建议方法的有效性,在中国最大的独立大数据服务平台TalkingData的Kaggle上的公共数据集上进行了比较测试。多个指标,如准确度、F1评分、ROC曲线、损失日志和AUC评分,用于分析预测结果。研究结果表明,叠加方法提高了预测精度,同时保持了较高的稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
A cognitive-based routing algorithm for crowd dynamics under incomplete or even incorrect map knowledge 一种基于认知的地图知识不完全甚至不正确的人群动态路由算法
IF 1.5 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.3233/ia-221061
Bin Yu, Zhihui Dong, Hu Liu, Jianhong Ye, Daoge Wang
A cognitive-based routing algorithm is proposed. Concepts like local form and path algorithms are developed. Unlike current mainstream routing algorithms assume that all people know everything about the environment, the proposed algorithm allows people to have a complete or incomplete map knowledge and built up their own map knowledge in a piecemeal fashion. Using a hospital floor plan as the scenario, numerical experiments are conducted by assuming pedestrians to have different levels of map knowledge. Results show that reasonable routes could be frequently found even if pedestrians only have an incomplete knowledge of the network. Also pedestrians generally need to traverse more rooms if having zero or less map knowledge. Hence the proposed algorithm’s effectiveness is validated to some extent.
提出了一种基于认知的路由算法。发展了局部形式和路径算法等概念。与目前主流的路由算法假设所有人都知道环境的一切不同,该算法允许人们拥有完整或不完整的地图知识,并以零敲碎打的方式建立自己的地图知识。以某医院平面图为场景,假设行人具有不同程度的地图知识,进行数值实验。结果表明,即使行人对网络只有不完全的了解,也能经常找到合理的路线。此外,如果行人对地图的了解为零或更少,则通常需要穿越更多的房间。从而在一定程度上验证了该算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Agent talks about itself: an implementation using Jason, CArtAgO and Speech Acts Agent谈论自己:一个使用Jason、CArtAgO和Speech Acts的实现
IF 1.5 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.3233/IA-230005
V. Seidita, Angelo Maria Pio Sabella, Francesco Lanza, A. Chella
 Thinking to oneself is a prerogative of man when he needs to think about or repeat what he is doing or experiencing. It is a way of processing information and setting in motion a decision-making process. When this is done aloud, there is also a chance that someone else will understand the meaning or reasons for the action. Equipping an agent with the ability to reveal the reasons for its decisions is both a way to improve human interaction and a way to improve the triggering of a decision process. In this work, we propose to use the speech act to enable a coalition of agents to exhibit inner speech capabilities to explain their behavior, but also to guide and reinforce the creation of an inner model. The BDI agent paradigm, Jason, and CArtAgO are used to give agents the ability to act in a human-like manner. The BDI reasoning cycle has been extended to include inner speech. The proposed solution continues the research path that started with the definition of a cognitive model and architecture for human-robot teaming interaction and aims to integrate the believable interaction paradigm in it.
当人需要思考或重复他正在做或经历的事情时,思考自己是他的特权。这是一种处理信息和启动决策过程的方式。当大声说出这个动作时,其他人也有机会理解这个动作的含义或原因。让一个智能体具备揭示其决策原因的能力,既是改善人际互动的一种方式,也是改善决策过程触发的一种方法。在这项工作中,我们建议使用言语行为,使代理人联盟能够表现出内部言语能力来解释他们的行为,同时也可以指导和加强内部模型的创建。BDI代理范式Jason和CArtAgO用于赋予代理以类似人类的方式行事的能力。BDI推理周期已经扩展到包括内心言语。所提出的解决方案延续了从定义人机团队交互的认知模型和架构开始的研究路径,并旨在将可信交互范式融入其中。
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引用次数: 0
Neural-logic multi-agent system for flood event detection 洪水事件检测的神经逻辑多智能体系统
IF 1.5 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.3233/IA-230004
Andrea Rafanelli, S. Costantini, Giovanni De Gasperis
 This paper shows the capabilities offered by an integrated neural-logic multi-agent system (MAS). Our case study encompasses logical agents and a deep learning (DL) component, to devise a system specialised in monitoring flood events for civil protection purposes. More precisely, we describe a prototypical framework consisting of a set of intelligent agents, which perform various tasks and communicate with each other to efficiently generate alerts during flood crisis events. Alerts are only delivered when at least two separates sources agree on an event on the same zone, i.e. aerial images and severe weather reports. Images are segmented by a neural network trained over eight classes of topographical entities. The resulting mask is analysed by a Logic Image Descriptor (LID) which then submit the perception to a logical agent.
本文展示了集成神经逻辑多智能体系统(MAS)所提供的功能。我们的案例研究包括逻辑代理和深度学习(DL)组件,以设计一个专门用于监测民事保护目的的洪水事件的系统。更准确地说,我们描述了一个由一组智能代理组成的原型框架,这些智能代理执行各种任务并相互通信,以在洪水危机事件期间有效地生成警报。只有当至少两个独立的来源就同一区域的事件达成一致时,即航空图像和恶劣天气报告,才会发出警报。通过在八类地形实体上训练的神经网络对图像进行分割。通过逻辑图像描述符(LID)分析得到的掩模,然后将感知提交给逻辑代理。
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引用次数: 1
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Intelligenza Artificiale
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