欧盟的绿色协议国际化政策

M. Larionova
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引用次数: 2

摘要

欧盟(EU)渴望成为全球气候强国。在绿色协议获得批准后,气候中立成为欧盟对外政策的指导原则、目标和支柱。绿色协议通过一系列外部政策工具实现国际化,包括金融、贸易和投资机制、碳边界调整和排放交易、与其他国家的协议、发展支持以及通过国际机构合作促进欧盟的监管和标准。已经提出了关于关键举措的规范性文件和建议,正在讨论和确定实施的形式和计划。在这种情况下,重要的是分析欧盟的绿色转型目标国际化举措,并确定与实施这些举措相关的风险和机遇。本文回顾了欧盟部署的一系列对外政策工具和举措:“开放战略自主”的新贸易政策和世界贸易组织(世贸组织)关于贸易和可持续发展的举措;筛选外国直接投资的框架以及环境可持续投资和经济活动的分类;能源安全和建立全球能源市场的新方法,包括氢市场的规范和标准;以及新的睦邻政策,包括中亚新战略和睦邻、发展和国际合作文书。鉴于该倡议的实施处于初级阶段,研究重点是通过的文件和计划采取的行动。作者评估了气候政策国际化工具对欧盟-俄罗斯经济合作和欧盟在塑造全球气候治理方面的领导地位的潜在影响。提交人声称,一些文书对俄罗斯联邦的经济项目具有风险,并提出了减少风险的建议。在全球治理方面,欧盟承诺将气候目标纳入全球议程,这可能成为包容性治理的桥梁。与此同时,欧盟决心通过胡萝卜加大棒的激励措施,包括通过经济措施,将其优先事项强加给不认同欧盟做法的伙伴,这可能具有破坏性。作者得出结论,欧盟与合作伙伴建立建设性接触的能力将是对欧盟真正领导力的考验。鉴于绿色协议的外部层面不仅旨在促进欧盟的优先事项和价值观,还旨在促进全球公共利益,因此在文书而非目标方面出现了争议。因此,不反对欧盟气候政策的出口,而是合作减轻其部署带来的意外后果,并塑造包容性的全球治理,符合俄罗斯以及其他直接受影响伙伴的利益。
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The EU’s Policies for the Green Deal Internationalization
The European Union (EU) aspires to become a global climate power. Climate neutrality became the guiding principle, the goal, and the pillar of the EU’s external policy after the Green Deal endorsement. The Green Deal is internationalized through a system of external policy instruments, including financial, trade and investment mechanisms, carbon border adjustment and emission trading, agreements with other countries, development support, and promotion of the EU’s regulation and standards through cooperation in international institutions. The normative documents and proposals on the key initiatives have been put forward, and the formats and plans for implementation are being discussed and defined. In this context, it is important to analyze the EU’s initiatives for internationalization of green transformation goals and to identify risks and opportunities related to their implementation. This article reviews the array of external policy instruments and initiatives deployed by the EU: the new trade policy of “open strategic autonomy” and the initiative on trade and sustainable development in the World Trade Organization (WTO); the framework for the screening of foreign direct investments and the taxonomy of environmentally sustainable investment and economic activity; new approaches to energy security and the building of global energy markets, including norms and standards for hydrogen markets; and the new neighbourhood policy, including the new strategy for Central Asia and the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument. Given the initial stage of the initiative’s implementation, the study focuses on the adopted documents and planned actions. The author assesses the potential impact of climate policy internationalization instruments on EU-Russia economic cooperation and on EU leadership in shaping global climate governance. The author asserts that a number of instruments bear risks for the Russian Federation’s economic projects and proposes recommendations for abating them. With regard to global governance, the EU’s commitment to integrate climate goals into the global agenda may serve as a bridge for inclusive governance. At the same time, the EU’s determination to impose its priorities through carrot and stick incentives, including through economic measures, on partners not sharing the EU’s approach may be destructive. The author concludes that the EU’s capacity to build constructive engagement with partners will be a test of the EU’s real leadership. Given that the Green Deal’s external dimension is intended not only to promote EU priorities and values, but also to advance the global public good, controversies arise with regard to the instruments, not the goals. Thus, it is in the interests of Russia, as well as other partners directly affected, not to oppose the export of the EU’s climate policy, but to cooperate to mitigate unintended consequences of its deployment and to shape inclusive global governance.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
33.30%
发文量
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期刊介绍: The journal mission is to disseminate Russian and international research in global governance, international cooperation on a wide range of social and economic policies; as well as to create a professional framework for discussion of trends and prognoses in these areas. International Organisations Research Journal publishes academic and analytical papers of Russian and international authors on activities of international multilateral institutions: G8, G20, BRICS, OECD, the World Bank, IMF, WTO, UN, and alliances: European Union, Eurasian Economic Union, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and others. Analytical and research papers on international cooperation in higher education, trends in higher education developments at the national, regional and global levels are welcomed for reviewing and publication. The journal is aimed at researchers, analysts, practitioners in international affairs and world economics and at a wide audience interested in political issues of international affairs and global development. IORJ supports publications of graduate and postgraduate students, young researchers in Russia and abroad. All IORJ publications are peer-reviewed.
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