安纳托利亚西部的史前农业定居点

IF 1.7 2区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI:10.1558/jma.21981
Tom Maltas, Vasıf Şahoğlu, H. Erkanal, Rıza Tuncel
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引用次数: 4

摘要

安纳托利亚西部晚铜石器时代巴克拉山丘和利曼山丘的考古植物组合的恢复,为深入分析这两个地点的农业战略和农业相关活动的组织提供了机会。我们发现晚铜石器时代的农民利用了5个主要的作物分类群,可能包括两种混合作物。这两处遗址也为史前安纳托利亚的西班牙牧地和有翼牧地种植提供了第一个证据,也是迄今为止这种做法的最早证据。我们认为,这些定居点被组织成小型的共同居住家庭,这些家庭加工和储存自己的作物,但我们也提出,潜在的公共家庭外储存和高水平的社会监测可能证明了超家庭合作。在安纳托利亚西部沿海地区和爱琴海东部岛屿,叶黄树物种的后期农业历史和家庭外储存的普遍存在,为这些地区在公元前四千年和三千年之间的文化联系提供了证据。我们还认为,在一些晚铜器时代遗址,大型的家庭外储存结构和狭窄的作物种植范围与比早期更广泛的农业系统的出现是一致的。青铜时代晚期安纳托利亚西部的城堡精英利用广泛的农业生产来积累可耕种财富的证据表明,该地区出现的财富不平等的农业生态基础是在铜石器时代晚期奠定的。通过对晚期铜石器时代农业系统性质的直接证据来检验这一假设是正在进行的研究的一个关键目标。
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Prehistoric Farming Settlements in Western Anatolia
Recovery of archaeobotanical assemblages from Late Chalcolithic Bakla Tepe and Liman Tepe in western Anatolia has provided the opportunity for in-depth analysis of agricultural strategies and the organisation of farming-related activity at the two sites. We find that Late Chalcolithic farmers utilised five major crop taxa, potentially including two mixed crops. The two sites also provide the first evidence for Spanish vetchling and winged vetchling cultivation in prehistoric Anatolia and the earliest evidence for this practice to date anywhere. We suggest that the settlements were organised into small, co-residential households that processed and stored their own crops, but we also propose that potentially communal extra-household storage and high levels of social monitoring may attest to supra-household cooperation. The later agricultural history of the vetchling species and the prevalence of extra-household storage at sites in coastal western Anatolia and the eastern Aegean islands add to evidence for a cultural koine between these regions in the fourth and third millennia bc. We also suggest that the large size of extra-household storage structures and the narrow range of crops cultivated at some Late Chalcolithic sites are consistent with the emergence of more extensive farming systems than those of earlier periods. Evidence for the use of extensive agricultural production to amass arable wealth by the citadel elites of later Early Bronze Age western Anatolia suggests that the agro-ecological foundations for emergent wealth inequality within the region were laid during the Late Chalcolithic. Testing this hypothesis through direct evidence for the nature of Late Chalcolithic farming systems is a key aim of ongoing research.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
5
期刊介绍: JMA currently operates as the most progressive and valid podium for archaeological discussion and debate in Europe European Journal of Archaeology Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology is the only journal currently published that deals with the entire multicultural world of Mediterranean archaeology. The journal publishes material that deals with, amongst others, the social, politicoeconomic and ideological aspects of local or regional production and development, and of social interaction and change in the Mediterranean.
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