During the Early Bronze Age (EBA), a relatively small number of European societies developed into highly centralised and hierarchical political entities. In contrast to the intensive research focused on these groups, little attention has been paid to their relationship with neighbouring populations, which had a much more egalitarian structure. In the southeast quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula, over a century of research on the EBA (ca. 2200 –1550 BC) communities has failed to identify distinctive traits leading to the definition of archaeological entities beyond the El Argar group, which according to many authors reached the form of an early state organisation around 1750 BC. This study aims to go beyond previous culturalist approaches and to focus on how communities with very different social organisations interacted in this macro-region as well as in a border region between El Argar and La Mancha. To that effect, we analyse primarily settlement size as an expression of the demographic and economic strength of a community, and ‘enrockment’ (enrocamiento), a concept that defines the degree of protection and spatial distancing of a settlement from its surrounding land and neighbouring communities. This large-scale comparative approach reveals the distinctiveness of highly dispersed and well-protected communities settling in the belt immediately north of El Argar and shows how this cost-intensive strategy changes with increasing distance from El Argar, when flat land and often larger settlements become dominant. The combination of settlement patterns and economic organisation also highlights the marked differences between El Argar and all the other communities living in the Iberian Peninsula.
{"title":"Diverging Paths","authors":"Adrià Moreno Gil, Marcello Peres, Roberto Risch","doi":"10.1558/jma.27147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.27147","url":null,"abstract":"During the Early Bronze Age (EBA), a relatively small number of European societies developed into highly centralised and hierarchical political entities. In contrast to the intensive research focused on these groups, little attention has been paid to their relationship with neighbouring populations, which had a much more egalitarian structure. In the southeast quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula, over a century of research on the EBA (ca. 2200 –1550 BC) communities has failed to identify distinctive traits leading to the definition of archaeological entities beyond the El Argar group, which according to many authors reached the form of an early state organisation around 1750 BC. This study aims to go beyond previous culturalist approaches and to focus on how communities with very different social organisations interacted in this macro-region as well as in a border region between El Argar and La Mancha. To that effect, we analyse primarily settlement size as an expression of the demographic and economic strength of a community, and ‘enrockment’ (enrocamiento), a concept that defines the degree of protection and spatial distancing of a settlement from its surrounding land and neighbouring communities. This large-scale comparative approach reveals the distinctiveness of highly dispersed and well-protected communities settling in the belt immediately north of El Argar and shows how this cost-intensive strategy changes with increasing distance from El Argar, when flat land and often larger settlements become dominant. The combination of settlement patterns and economic organisation also highlights the marked differences between El Argar and all the other communities living in the Iberian Peninsula.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"103 2-3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tymon De Haas, Thomas P. Leppard, Jitte Waagen, Toby Wilkinson
This paper engages with Nathan Meyer’s (2022) paper ‘Finding Sites in Mediterranean Survey’. Building upon longstanding critiques of Mediterranean survey practices, Meyer argues for a re-direction of survey practices. We feel that several of his core arguments reflect an unbalanced view on the role of site and off-site data in Mediterranean surveys, conflating intensive and siteless surveys. Moreover, while these critiques seem to us unnecessarily negative regarding the analytical potential of off-site data, they also reflect an overconfident attitude towards the use of site data for comparative purposes.
{"title":"Myopic Misunderstandings?","authors":"Tymon De Haas, Thomas P. Leppard, Jitte Waagen, Toby Wilkinson","doi":"10.1558/jma.27148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.27148","url":null,"abstract":"This paper engages with Nathan Meyer’s (2022) paper ‘Finding Sites in Mediterranean Survey’. Building upon longstanding critiques of Mediterranean survey practices, Meyer argues for a re-direction of survey practices. We feel that several of his core arguments reflect an unbalanced view on the role of site and off-site data in Mediterranean surveys, conflating intensive and siteless surveys. Moreover, while these critiques seem to us unnecessarily negative regarding the analytical potential of off-site data, they also reflect an overconfident attitude towards the use of site data for comparative purposes.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"35 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rigor and vitality of a discipline, indeed the ability to make socially meaningful contributions, is founded not solely on the accumulation of observational data but also on principled and reasoned debate concerning theory and method. For that reason, I wish to thank the editorial team at JMA for inviting me to respond to the paper by de Haas, Leppard, Waagen and Wilkinson. To the degree that the authors have missed or misconstrued several of my arguments is no doubt due in part to my own failings in presenting them. Significantly, however, it is also the result of differing intellectual commitments. I address this key, latter point first, and then respond to some of what I consider more minor points.
{"title":"A Necessary Debate","authors":"Nathan Meyer","doi":"10.1558/jma.27149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.27149","url":null,"abstract":"The rigor and vitality of a discipline, indeed the ability to make socially meaningful contributions, is founded not solely on the accumulation of observational data but also on principled and reasoned debate concerning theory and method. For that reason, I wish to thank the editorial team at JMA for inviting me to respond to the paper by de Haas, Leppard, Waagen and Wilkinson. To the degree that the authors have missed or misconstrued several of my arguments is no doubt due in part to my own failings in presenting them. Significantly, however, it is also the result of differing intellectual commitments. I address this key, latter point first, and then respond to some of what I consider more minor points.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"23 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-06-30DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_318_22
Guru P Dhakal, Krishna P Sharma, Gyan P Bajgai, Tulsi R Sharma, Tika M Bajgai, Jigme Tenzin, Baehat Dhakal, Vishal Chhetri, Hari P Pokhrel
Objective: To study the vitamin D status among the Bhutanese population visiting the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital in Thimphu, Bhutan.
Materials and methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study involving the extraction of data from a hospital database. Records of Bhutanese patients who had taken vitamin D tests in the last two years (2020-2021) were included in the study.
Result: A total of 1175 individuals took the vitamin D test during the study period, and the age ranged between 1 day and 94 years. Over 60% of the participants were females. The study found that over 83% of our study population had serum vitamin D levels lower than the normal range/deficient. Around 18% of the participants had severe deficiency.
Conclusion: The study found that most participants, including children, had vitamin D deficiency, and the finding was homogenous across gender and age groups. Further studies are required to validate these findings and identify the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in the population for targeted public health interventions.
目的研究前往不丹廷布吉格梅-多吉-旺楚克国家转诊医院就诊的不丹人的维生素 D 状况：这是一项回顾性描述研究，从医院数据库中提取数据。研究纳入了过去两年（2020-2021 年）中接受过维生素 D 检测的不丹患者的记录：在研究期间，共有 1175 人接受了维生素 D 检测，年龄在 1 天至 94 岁之间。超过 60% 的参与者为女性。研究发现，超过 83% 的研究对象的血清维生素 D 水平低于正常范围/缺乏。约 18% 的参与者严重缺乏维生素 D：研究发现，包括儿童在内的大多数参与者都存在维生素 D 缺乏症，而且不同性别和年龄组的研究结果相同。需要进一步研究来验证这些发现，并确定与人群维生素 D 缺乏有关的因素，以便采取有针对性的公共卫生干预措施。
{"title":"Vitamin D Status among the Population Visiting Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Bhutan.","authors":"Guru P Dhakal, Krishna P Sharma, Gyan P Bajgai, Tulsi R Sharma, Tika M Bajgai, Jigme Tenzin, Baehat Dhakal, Vishal Chhetri, Hari P Pokhrel","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_318_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_318_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the vitamin D status among the Bhutanese population visiting the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital in Thimphu, Bhutan.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective descriptive study involving the extraction of data from a hospital database. Records of Bhutanese patients who had taken vitamin D tests in the last two years (2020-2021) were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 1175 individuals took the vitamin D test during the study period, and the age ranged between 1 day and 94 years. Over 60% of the participants were females. The study found that over 83% of our study population had serum vitamin D levels lower than the normal range/deficient. Around 18% of the participants had severe deficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that most participants, including children, had vitamin D deficiency, and the finding was homogenous across gender and age groups. Further studies are required to validate these findings and identify the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in the population for targeted public health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"28 1","pages":"436-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10723616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89678600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Supplementary materials for the article 'From the Ground Up: Modelling Agricultural Landscapes in Early Iron Age East Crete Using Legacy Survey Data and GIS'.
文章 "From the Ground Up: Modelelling Agricultural Landscapes in Early Iron Age East Crete Using Legacy Survey Data and GIS "的补充材料。
{"title":"Supplementary Materials for 'From the Ground Up: Modelling Agricultural Landscapes in Early Iron Age East Crete Using Legacy Survey Data and GIS'","authors":"Dominic Pollard","doi":"10.1558/jma.26677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.26677","url":null,"abstract":"Supplementary materials for the article 'From the Ground Up: Modelling Agricultural Landscapes in Early Iron Age East Crete Using Legacy Survey Data and GIS'.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study compares the accessibility of the Minoan Neopalatial (ca. 1750–1490 bc) Palaces of Knossos, Phaistos, Malia, Zakros and Galatas in central and eastern Crete. The study seeks to interpret the sites’ social meaning based on analytical observations of their spatial organisation, using cost-surface analysis functions available in Geographical Information System (GIS) software. The article focuses in particular on assessing the distinct accessibility patterns provided by the different, supposedly main entrances to the sites; on the effect of ‘lengthening access’ and its social implications in the Minoan built environment; and on the gendered use of space in the hall systems of the Palaces.
{"title":"Building Social Distances in Neopalatial Crete","authors":"Jonas Rapakko","doi":"10.1558/jma.26675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.26675","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares the accessibility of the Minoan Neopalatial (ca. 1750–1490 bc) Palaces of Knossos, Phaistos, Malia, Zakros and Galatas in central and eastern Crete. The study seeks to interpret the sites’ social meaning based on analytical observations of their spatial organisation, using cost-surface analysis functions available in Geographical Information System (GIS) software. The article focuses in particular on assessing the distinct accessibility patterns provided by the different, supposedly main entrances to the sites; on the effect of ‘lengthening access’ and its social implications in the Minoan built environment; and on the gendered use of space in the hall systems of the Palaces.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past fifty years, intensive Mediterranean archaeological surveys have yielded abundant and diachronic archaeological data. Although field methods have been continually debated and refined, the interpretation of survey results has focused primarily on site numbers and site size, with particular interest in reconstructing settlement hierarchies and in tracking episodes of nucleation and dispersal across the landscape. Artifact assemblages are largely used to date sites, while less attention has been devoted to assemblage diversity and site function. This study demonstrates the potential of legacy survey data to frame and answer new research questions via an analysis of 250 small rural sites of the first millennium bc recovered by intensive surveys on Crete from the 1970s through the early 2000s. I show that diachronic patterns of rural settlement in Crete depart strongly from those observed in mainland Greece and also differ between Cretan regions. I also reveal pronounced variation in the assemblages present at small sites across the island within regions and periods. This suggests that we cannot simply interpret all small sites as homogeneous farmsteads. Finally, I discuss the challenges and potential of using diversity measures as an exploratory tool for analyzing legacy survey data. Methods outlined here could be productively applied in other Mediterranean regions.
{"title":"Statistical Approaches to Small Site Diversity","authors":"Grace Erny","doi":"10.1558/jma.26678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.26678","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past fifty years, intensive Mediterranean archaeological surveys have yielded abundant and diachronic archaeological data. Although field methods have been continually debated and refined, the interpretation of survey results has focused primarily on site numbers and site size, with particular interest in reconstructing settlement hierarchies and in tracking episodes of nucleation and dispersal across the landscape. Artifact assemblages are largely used to date sites, while less attention has been devoted to assemblage diversity and site function. This study demonstrates the potential of legacy survey data to frame and answer new research questions via an analysis of 250 small rural sites of the first millennium bc recovered by intensive surveys on Crete from the 1970s through the early 2000s. I show that diachronic patterns of rural settlement in Crete depart strongly from those observed in mainland Greece and also differ between Cretan regions. I also reveal pronounced variation in the assemblages present at small sites across the island within regions and periods. This suggests that we cannot simply interpret all small sites as homogeneous farmsteads. Finally, I discuss the challenges and potential of using diversity measures as an exploratory tool for analyzing legacy survey data. Methods outlined here could be productively applied in other Mediterranean regions.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"38 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Standing archaeological definitions of mortuary space identify it as the location of burials and interments, limiting our capacity to understand broader ‘deathscapes’ within the ancient city. Building upon anthropological and sociological theories of the concept of deathscapes (as opposed to ‘burialscapes’), this paper offers an expanded category of archaeological mortuary space that includes not only interment locations but also mobile and temporary spaces of funerary ritual, performance, and commemoration. Proposed key amendments to the archaeological reconstruction of mortuary landscapes within current models of ancient Greek urban environments are a reconsideration of various temporal scales (including short-lived processes and archaeologically invisible acts), bodily performance, and patterns in remembering and forgetting through funerary behavior. This revised view of mortuary space is applied to select case studies (Athens, Argos, Corinth) in order to take our existing paradigms from the conceived city (i.e., space of planning, logic, cosmological order) to the lived city (i.e., humanistic city of paradoxical, relative, and embodied ontologies).
{"title":"Funerary Ritual, Bodily Performance, and Memory","authors":"Çiçek Taşçıoğlu Beeby","doi":"10.1558/jma.25523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.25523","url":null,"abstract":"Standing archaeological definitions of mortuary space identify it as the location of burials and interments, limiting our capacity to understand broader ‘deathscapes’ within the ancient city. Building upon anthropological and sociological theories of the concept of deathscapes (as opposed to ‘burialscapes’), this paper offers an expanded category of archaeological mortuary space that includes not only interment locations but also mobile and temporary spaces of funerary ritual, performance, and commemoration. Proposed key amendments to the archaeological reconstruction of mortuary landscapes within current models of ancient Greek urban environments are a reconsideration of various temporal scales (including short-lived processes and archaeologically invisible acts), bodily performance, and patterns in remembering and forgetting through funerary behavior. This revised view of mortuary space is applied to select case studies (Athens, Argos, Corinth) in order to take our existing paradigms from the conceived city (i.e., space of planning, logic, cosmological order) to the lived city (i.e., humanistic city of paradoxical, relative, and embodied ontologies).","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42306540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As survey methods around the Mediterranean matured from extensive to more intensive modes of discovery, a form of ‘siteless’ survey emerged, characterized by high-intensity field walking with a correlated trend towards reduced areal coverage. The resulting practice evoked external criticism: ‘Mediterranean myopia’ precluded true regional-scale investigation. Our discipline can benefit from a reckoning with this criticism, together with a frank acknowledgement of the methodological challenges inherent in field survey and the resulting difficulty in comparing artifact-level data from different surveys. This paper recounts some of the main methodological difficulties and the degree to which these have or have not been fully addressed by Mediterranean survey practitioners. I argue that siteless survey methods produce data that - although necessary for analysis within a project - do not provide correct external deliverables. I also argue that the notion ‘site’ (i.e., places made by and interpretable as human activity) continues to be of fundamental importance to archaeology. The paper concludes that our methods can benefit from an integrated approach combining extensive and intensive methods, characterized by predictive modeling, quality assurance programs and carefully calibrated intensity, with site definition and discovery at its core.
{"title":"Finding Sites in Mediterranean Survey","authors":"Nathan Meyer","doi":"10.1558/jma.25520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.25520","url":null,"abstract":"As survey methods around the Mediterranean matured from extensive to more intensive modes of discovery, a form of ‘siteless’ survey emerged, characterized by high-intensity field walking with a correlated trend towards reduced areal coverage. The resulting practice evoked external criticism: ‘Mediterranean myopia’ precluded true regional-scale investigation. Our discipline can benefit from a reckoning with this criticism, together with a frank acknowledgement of the methodological challenges inherent in field survey and the resulting difficulty in comparing artifact-level data from different surveys. This paper recounts some of the main methodological difficulties and the degree to which these have or have not been fully addressed by Mediterranean survey practitioners. I argue that siteless survey methods produce data that - although necessary for analysis within a project - do not provide correct external deliverables. I also argue that the notion ‘site’ (i.e., places made by and interpretable as human activity) continues to be of fundamental importance to archaeology. The paper concludes that our methods can benefit from an integrated approach combining extensive and intensive methods, characterized by predictive modeling, quality assurance programs and carefully calibrated intensity, with site definition and discovery at its core.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46047177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a study of Iron Age (IA) societies through the analysis of architecture and built space. The approach is focused on a small area in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, and constructs a small-scale narrative that seeks to identify different social dynamics concerning the onset, development and decline of the fortified habitat (between the ninth and first centuries BC). Three main spheres of human habitation are assessed: the environment of the household, the construction of collective and non-domestic buildings and the development of settlement planning. The main characteristics of these spheres are discussed and summarised, and they are understood as part of the same dynamic that reflects how the IA communities of northwest Iberia were structured. The main objective of the paper is to employ this methodology to study social dynamics at different scales and thus build a multi-scale historical and archaeological narrative about the development of heterogeneous processes in IA societies.
{"title":"Analysing Social Change through Domestic and Public Spaces","authors":"Samuel Nión-Álvarez","doi":"10.1558/jma.25524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.25524","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study of Iron Age (IA) societies through the analysis of architecture and built space. The approach is focused on a small area in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, and constructs a small-scale narrative that seeks to identify different social dynamics concerning the onset, development and decline of the fortified habitat (between the ninth and first centuries BC). Three main spheres of human habitation are assessed: the environment of the household, the construction of collective and non-domestic buildings and the development of settlement planning. The main characteristics of these spheres are discussed and summarised, and they are understood as part of the same dynamic that reflects how the IA communities of northwest Iberia were structured. The main objective of the paper is to employ this methodology to study social dynamics at different scales and thus build a multi-scale historical and archaeological narrative about the development of heterogeneous processes in IA societies.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48975268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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