S. Fraser, M. Baker, Grant D. Pearse, C. Todoroki, H. Estarija, I. Hood, L. Bulman, C. Somchit, C. Rolando
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The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the efficacy of aerial copper fungicide application for the control of red needle cast in mature radiata pine plantations; and (2) investigate optimal spray timing.\nMethods: To address these objectives, three operational-scale field trials were undertaken in successive years between 2017 and 2019 at a forest in the Central North Island of New Zealand. RNC severity was assessed in canopies of forest blocks exposed to cuprous oxide applied at 0.855 kg ha-1 active ingredient in low-volume aerial spray at different times of the year (November, February and April (or May)). Needle cast from plantation trees and infection levels on trap plants were also assessed in some years.\nResults: Application of cuprous oxide significantly reduced RNC severity in all three trials. As well as reducing disease severity, application of cuprous oxide also tended to reduce needle cast from plantation trees and infection on trap plants in years when these were also assessed. No consistent effect of spray timing was observed. Generally, all three spray timings reduced disease severity compared to the unsprayed control, but differences were not always significant, and few differences were detected between different spray timings.\nConclusions: The results reported here are the first to show that low-volume aerial applications of cuprous oxide applied at 0.855 kg ha-1 active ingredient can reduce the severity of RNC in commercial radiata pine plantations. No consistent effect of spray timing was detected. 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引用次数: 2
摘要
背景:红针病(RNC)是辐射松(Pinus radiata D.Don)的一种叶部疾病,由雨疫病(Phytophthora pluvialis Reeser)、萨顿和汉森(Sutton&E.Hansen)引起,偶尔也会由克氏疫霉(Phytophora kernoviae Brasier)、比尔斯和柯克(Beales&S.a.Kirk)引起。该疾病至少自2008年以来就影响了新西兰的种植园。为了制定红针铸型的管理建议,研究的重点是确定化学控制选项和了解病原体流行病学,以指导最佳喷雾时间。本研究的目的是:(1)评估气载铜杀菌剂在成熟辐射松人工林中防治红针病的效果;以及(2)研究最佳喷射时间。方法:为了实现这些目标,2017年至2019年间,在新西兰中北岛的一处森林连续进行了三次操作规模的实地试验。在一年中的不同时间(11月、2月和4月(或5月),在暴露于低容量空中喷雾中施用0.855 kg ha-1活性成分的氧化亚铜的林区树冠中评估RNC的严重程度。几年来,还评估了人工林树木的针刺和诱捕植物的感染水平。结果:在所有三项试验中,氧化亚铜的应用显著降低了RNC的严重程度。除了降低疾病的严重程度外,氧化亚铜的施用也有助于减少种植树的针刺和陷阱植物的感染。没有观察到喷雾时间的一致影响。一般来说,与未喷雾的对照相比,所有三种喷雾时间都降低了疾病的严重程度,但差异并不总是显著的,并且在不同的喷雾时间之间几乎没有发现差异。结论:本文报道的结果首次表明,在商业辐射松人工林中,低体积空中施用0.855kg ha-1活性成分的氧化亚铜可以降低RNC的严重程度。未检测到喷雾时间的一致影响。这些发现支持RNC管理建议的制定。
Efficacy and optimal timing of low-volume aerial applications of copper fungicides for the control of red needle cast of pine
Background: Red needle cast (RNC) is a foliar disease of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don), caused by Phytophthora pluvialis Reeser, Sutton & E.Hansen and occasionally Phytophthora kernoviae Brasier, Beales & S.A.Kirk. The disease has impacted plantations in New Zealand since at least 2008. To develop management recommendations for red needle cast, research has focused on identifying chemical control options and understanding pathogen epidemiology to guide optimal timing of spray application. The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the efficacy of aerial copper fungicide application for the control of red needle cast in mature radiata pine plantations; and (2) investigate optimal spray timing.
Methods: To address these objectives, three operational-scale field trials were undertaken in successive years between 2017 and 2019 at a forest in the Central North Island of New Zealand. RNC severity was assessed in canopies of forest blocks exposed to cuprous oxide applied at 0.855 kg ha-1 active ingredient in low-volume aerial spray at different times of the year (November, February and April (or May)). Needle cast from plantation trees and infection levels on trap plants were also assessed in some years.
Results: Application of cuprous oxide significantly reduced RNC severity in all three trials. As well as reducing disease severity, application of cuprous oxide also tended to reduce needle cast from plantation trees and infection on trap plants in years when these were also assessed. No consistent effect of spray timing was observed. Generally, all three spray timings reduced disease severity compared to the unsprayed control, but differences were not always significant, and few differences were detected between different spray timings.
Conclusions: The results reported here are the first to show that low-volume aerial applications of cuprous oxide applied at 0.855 kg ha-1 active ingredient can reduce the severity of RNC in commercial radiata pine plantations. No consistent effect of spray timing was detected. These findings support the development of management recommendations for RNC.
期刊介绍:
The New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science is an international journal covering the breadth of forestry science. Planted forests are a particular focus but manuscripts on a wide range of forestry topics will also be considered. The journal''s scope covers forestry species, which are those capable of reaching at least five metres in height at maturity in the place they are located, but not grown or managed primarily for fruit or nut production.