Sedimentation on the Siberian Arctic Shelf as an indicator of the arctic hydrological cycle

Siberia occupies a significant part of the Eurasian continent and environmental changes in this region can have an important impact on the climate system of the Northern Hemisphere. The sediment flux of Siberian rivers is sensitive to changes in physical, chemical, and biological processes taking place on the continent, and these changes can be recorded in marine sediments on the Siberian Arctic Shelf. This paper presents data on grain-size distribution of the sediments, the sedimentation rates, and the mass accumulation rates on the shelf over the past 100 years. Age models are based on the decay rate of excess lead isotope ²¹⁰Pb, taking into account the sorption capacity of the marine sediments, and the presence of cesium isotope ¹³⁷Cs peaks in the sediment cores. The highest sedimentation and mass accumulation rates were observed prior to the 1920–40 and coincide with larger particle sizes, indicate a period of active sediment-laden sea ice and iceberg melt. Systematic decrease in the sedimentation and mass accumulation rates against the background of an increase in the proportion of silt fractions in the shelf sediments in the second half of the 20th century can be explained by an acceleration of the arctic hydrological cycle.