Performance optimization of single graded CIGS absorber and buffer layers for high efficiency: A numerical approach

We present a numerical simulation based study of single graded Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide) thin film solar cell. In this work, initially a basic CIGS single graded cell structure is optimized in terms of thickness, band-gap and doping concentration. CdS is kept as the buffer layer, which is widely used for high efficiency CIGS solar cells. In the next step, CdS is replaced with ZnMgO as the buffer layer in order to exploit its greater photon absorption ability due to its higher band-gap which further enhances the cell efficiency. A thorough analysis is carried out on the solar cell parameters open circuit voltage (V_oc), short circuit current density (J_sc), fill factor (FF) and quantum efficiency (η) of the photovoltaic cell structure. An intermediate layer of p-type MoS₂ is inserted in between the single graded CIGS absorber layers. The objective is to limit the unintentional Ga inter diffusion and maintain the desired grading during the high temperature annealing for the absorber preparation. The power conversion efficiency of the bilayer device structure with Ga fraction x=(0.31) of the top absorber layer along with Ga fraction y=(0.25) of the bottom absorber layer exhibits an improved efficiency from 24.02% (CdS as the buffer layer) to 25.37% (ZnMgO as buffer layer). An excellent power efficiency of η = 26.78% is reported after adding the intermediate layer of p-type MoS₂ and optimizing its thickness and the carrier concentration.