Gut Microbiota and Celiac Disease: Why Eat Gluten-Free if you are not Celiac?

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy correlated to the gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed subjects. The current and only therapy is a Gluten Free Diet (GFD). In recent years, new therapies and complementary strategies are being studied, including the modulation of the intestinal microbiome. The gut microbiota is involved in the onset and perpetuation of intestinal inflammation of various chronic bowel diseases, including CD. Intestinal dysbiosis has been reported in not treated or treated (with the GFD) celiac individuals, compared to healthy ones. Numerous studies have identified different bacterial clusters associated with CD. However, it’s still unclear whether gut dysbiosis is the cause or effect of CD.