印尼中爪哇Wonosobo(一个新的高地登革热流行区)埃及伊蚊种群杀虫剂抗性和暴露的生化特征

Dyah Widiastuti, B. Ikawati, M. Martini, N. Wijayanti
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Kata kunci: Ae.aegypti Wonosobo, biokimia, paparan insektisida, resistensi Abstract Background: Resistance to insecticides mainly occurs due to changes in insect metabolic enzyme. A metabolic enzyme which was often involved in insecticide resistance is esterase and monooxygenase. Methods: Susceptibility test and biochemical assay to detect malathion and cypermethrin resistance were conducted on Aedes aegypti from Wonosobo (new highland Dengue endemic area). The test was performed on F1 generation of Ae.aegypti field caught mosquitoes which aimed to determine the resistance mechanisms regarding two detoxifying enzymes i.e. esterase and monooxygenase. Interview using structured questionnaires was conducted to investigate the usage of insecticide by the society and local government. Results: Susceptibility test showed 23.4 and 46.7% mortalities after exposure to 0.8% malathion and 0.05% cypermethrin. The biochemical assay result suggested that esterase, and monooxygenase activity tend to increase in Ae.aegypti in Wonosobo. Interview and questionnaires conclude that synthetic pyrethroid was the only insecticide type used in vector control program by Wonosobo Health Office and was the most frequent insecticide type to be used in household by Wonosobo society to control Ae.aegypti population. Conclusion: Aedes aegypti with increased esterase and monooxygenase activity were found in Wonosobo. This result was in line with the resistance status of Ae. aegypti population in Wonosobo which resistant to Malathion and Cypermethrin. 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引用次数: 2

摘要

背景:对杀虫剂产生耐药性主要是由于昆虫代谢酶的变化。通常在抗性事件中起作用的代谢酶是酯酶和单加氧酶。方法:对高原登革热新流行区沃诺索博埃及伊蚊进行脆性和生物化学试验,检测其对苹果酸和氯氰菊酯的抗性。对野外捕获的埃及伊蚊F1进行的测试旨在基于酯酶和单加氧酶这两种解毒酶的活性来检测抗性机制。利用结构化衔接进行了一次访谈,以了解公众和地方政府对杀虫剂的使用情况。结果:置信度检验显示马拉硫磷处理死亡率为23.4%,氯氰菊酯处理死亡率为0.05%,马拉硫磷处理为0.8%,氯氰氰菊酯处理为46.7%。生物化学结果表明,云南艾的酯酶和单加氧酶活性有增加的趋势。访谈和凝聚力得出结论,氯氰菊酯是沃诺索博卫生中心病媒控制项目中使用的唯一一组杀虫剂,也是沃诺索波协会在家中最常用的控制埃及伊蚊种群的杀虫剂类型。佛得角沃诺索波埃及伊蚊种群中的酯酶和单加氧酶。这与蚊子种群对苹果酸和氯氰菊酯的抗性状况一致。关键词:埃及伊蚊,生物化学,木瓜蛋白酶杀虫剂,抗性摘要背景:对杀虫剂的抗性主要是由于昆虫代谢酶的变化引起的。酯酶和单加氧酶是一种与杀虫剂抗性有关的代谢酶。方法:采用药敏试验和生化分析方法,对沃诺索博(新高地登革热流行区)埃及伊蚊进行马拉硫磷和氯氰菊酯抗性检测。本试验是在埃及伊蚊场捕捉的F1代蚊子身上进行的,旨在确定酯酶和单加氧酶这两种解毒酶的抗性机制。采用结构化问卷进行访谈,调查社会和地方政府对杀虫剂的使用情况。结果:药敏试验表明,0.8%马拉硫磷和0.05%氯氰菊酯暴露后死亡率分别为23.4%和46.7%。生化测定结果表明,云南艾中的酯酶和单加氧酶活性有增加的趋势。访谈和问卷调查得出的结论是,合成拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂是沃诺索博卫生办公室病媒控制计划中使用的唯一杀虫剂类型,也是沃诺索波协会在家庭中用于控制埃及伊蚊种群的最常见的杀虫剂类型。结论:在沃诺索博发现了酯酶和单加氧酶活性升高的埃及伊蚊。这一结果与沃诺索博地区埃及伊蚊种群对马拉硫磷和氯氰菊酯的抗性状况一致。关键词:埃及伊蚊;生化;杀虫剂暴露;耐药性
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Biochemical characterization of insecticide resistance and exposure in Aedes aegypti population from Wonosobo (a new highland Dengue endemic area), Central Java, Indonesia
Latar Belakang: Resistensi terhadap insektisida terutama terjadi karena adanya perubahan pada enzim metabolik serangga. Enzim metabolik yang sering berperan dalam kejadian resistensi antara lain adalah esterase dan monooksigenase. Metode: Uji kerentanan dan uji biokimia untuk mendeteksi resistensi terhadap malation dan cypermetrin dilakukan pada Aedes aegypti dari Wonosobo (daerah endemis baru infeksi Dengue di dataran tinggi). Uji coba yang dilakukan pada generasi F1 nyamuk Ae.aegypti yang tertangkap di lapangan bertujuan untuk mengetahui mekanisme resistensi berdasarkan aktivitas dua enzim detoksifikasi yaitu esterase dan monooksigenase. Wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dilakukan untuk mengetahui penggunaan insektisida oleh masyarakat dan pemerintah daerah. Hasil: Uji kerentanan menunjukkan mortalitas sebesar 23,4% setelah terpapar malathion 0,8% dan 46,7% setelah terpapar cypermethrin 0,05%. Hasil uji biokimia menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas esterase dan monooksigenase cenderung meningkat pada Ae.aegypti di Wonosobo. Wawancara dan kuesioner menyimpulkan bahwa cypermetrin adalah satu-satunya golongan insektisida yang digunakan dalam program pengendalian vektor oleh Dinas Kesehatan Wonosobo dan merupakan tipe insektisida yang paling sering digunakan di rumah tangga oleh masyarakat Wonosobo untuk mengendalikan populasi Ae.aegypti. Kesimpulan: Ditemukan nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang mengalami peningkatan aktivitas enzim esterase dan monooksigenase pada populasi Ae. aegypti di Kabupaten Wonosobo. Hal ini selaras dengan status resistensi populasi nyamuk tersebut yang resisten terhadap Malation dan Cypermetrin. Kata kunci: Ae.aegypti Wonosobo, biokimia, paparan insektisida, resistensi Abstract Background: Resistance to insecticides mainly occurs due to changes in insect metabolic enzyme. A metabolic enzyme which was often involved in insecticide resistance is esterase and monooxygenase. Methods: Susceptibility test and biochemical assay to detect malathion and cypermethrin resistance were conducted on Aedes aegypti from Wonosobo (new highland Dengue endemic area). The test was performed on F1 generation of Ae.aegypti field caught mosquitoes which aimed to determine the resistance mechanisms regarding two detoxifying enzymes i.e. esterase and monooxygenase. Interview using structured questionnaires was conducted to investigate the usage of insecticide by the society and local government. Results: Susceptibility test showed 23.4 and 46.7% mortalities after exposure to 0.8% malathion and 0.05% cypermethrin. The biochemical assay result suggested that esterase, and monooxygenase activity tend to increase in Ae.aegypti in Wonosobo. Interview and questionnaires conclude that synthetic pyrethroid was the only insecticide type used in vector control program by Wonosobo Health Office and was the most frequent insecticide type to be used in household by Wonosobo society to control Ae.aegypti population. Conclusion: Aedes aegypti with increased esterase and monooxygenase activity were found in Wonosobo. This result was in line with the resistance status of Ae. aegypti population in Wonosobo which resistant to Malathion and Cypermethrin. Keywords: Ae.aegypti Wonosobo, biochemical, insecticide exposure, resistance
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