哈卡斯儿童循环仪式中的马和马具(19世纪末至20世纪中期)

Венарий Алексеевич Бурнаков
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Благодаря тому, что это животное было задействовано во многих сакрализованных действиях, оно наделялось высоким семиотическим статусом. Сакральная функция коня определялась верой в его апотропеистические свойства. В связи с тем, что это животное являлось также символом плодородия, его образ и отдельные элементы его снаряжения широко использовались в обрядности, связанной с дородовым, родовым и постродовым детским циклами.\n The purpose of the article is to determine the function of the horse and horse harness in the representations and rituals of the Khakas associated with the children’s cycle. The chronological framework of the work covers the late XIX — mid XX centuries . The choice of such time limits is determined by the state of the source base on the research topic. Ethnographic and folklore materials collected by both pre-revolutionary and modern researchers: I. G. Gmelin, N. F. Katanov, V. Ya. Butanaev, N. S. Teneshev, etc. served as a source base. 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This pet was included in the ritual associated with the children's cycle; 2) In the religious and mythological consciousness of the people, the image of a horse was steadily associated with the idea of vitality and fertility; 3) Not only the image of this ungulate and some parts of its body were endowed with magical protective properties; 4) The sacralization of the horse contributed to the fact that its image in its various manifestations was widely represented in the rituals associated with prenatal, birth and postnatal childhood cycles. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文致力于研究马及其装备在与童年世界相关的哈卡斯传统仪式中的作用。这项研究是根据民族志和民间传说来源进行的,其中收集和收集的信息非常重要。G.格梅林页:1卡塔诺夫,V。是我Butanaev,N.C.国际合作特尼舍夫和其他研究人员。民俗材料是作品中使用的英雄故事的节选,首次以作者的俄语翻译。本文介绍了有关上述问题的科学流通和档案民族志材料,分析了马在哈卡斯儿童仪式周期中的位置和马具元素的功能。由于这种动物参与了许多神圣的活动,它被赋予了高度的符号学地位。马的神圣功能是由相信它的后向性属性决定的。由于这种动物也是生育的象征,它的形象和它的装备元素被广泛用于产前、分娩和分娩的仪式。The purpose of the article is to determine the function of the horse and horse harness in the representations and rituals of the Khakas associated with the children’s cycle. The chronological framework of the work covers the late XIX — mid XX centuries . The choice of such time limits is determined by the state of the source base on the research topic. Ethnographic and folklore materials collected by both pre-revolutionary and modern researchers: I. G. Gmelin, N. F. Katanov, V. Ya. Butanaev, N. S. Teneshev, etc. served as a source base. Folklore materials — excerpts from heroic tales (alyptyg nymakhtar) used in this work presented for the first time in the author's translation in Russian. In the article under consideration, archival ethnographic materials on the indicated problems are also introduced into scientific circulation. Leading in the research is the principle of historicism, when any cultural phenomenon is considered in development and taking into account a specific situation. The research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods: remnants (relic) and semantic analysis.As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) in the traditional culture of the Khakass, the horse and its image occupied an important place. This pet was included in the ritual associated with the children's cycle; 2) In the religious and mythological consciousness of the people, the image of a horse was steadily associated with the idea of vitality and fertility; 3) Not only the image of this ungulate and some parts of its body were endowed with magical protective properties; 4) The sacralization of the horse contributed to the fact that its image in its various manifestations was widely represented in the rituals associated with prenatal, birth and postnatal childhood cycles. An important place in this process was given to individual elements of horse equipment; 5) The horse performed a significant function in the socialization of the child, including in such stages as naming and mastering riding skills.
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HORSE AND HORSE HARNESS IN THE RITUAL OF THE KHAKASS CHILDREN'S CYCLE (LATE XIX — MID XX CENTURY)
Данная статья посвящена изучению роли коня и его снаряжения в традиционной обрядности хакасов, связанной с миром детства. Основанием для исследования послужили этнографические и фольклорные источники, среди которых важное место занимают сведения, собранные И. Г. Гмелиным, Н. Ф. Катановым, В. Я. Бутанаевым, Н. С. Тенешевым и другими исследователями. Фольклорные материалы — отрывки из героических сказаний (алыптығ нымахтар), используемые в работе, впервые представлены в авторском переводе на русском языке. В рассматриваемой статье вводятся в научный оборот и архивные этнографические материалы по обозначенной проблематике.Проанализированы место коня и функции элементов конского снаряжения в детском обрядовом цикле хакасов. Благодаря тому, что это животное было задействовано во многих сакрализованных действиях, оно наделялось высоким семиотическим статусом. Сакральная функция коня определялась верой в его апотропеистические свойства. В связи с тем, что это животное являлось также символом плодородия, его образ и отдельные элементы его снаряжения широко использовались в обрядности, связанной с дородовым, родовым и постродовым детским циклами. The purpose of the article is to determine the function of the horse and horse harness in the representations and rituals of the Khakas associated with the children’s cycle. The chronological framework of the work covers the late XIX — mid XX centuries . The choice of such time limits is determined by the state of the source base on the research topic. Ethnographic and folklore materials collected by both pre-revolutionary and modern researchers: I. G. Gmelin, N. F. Katanov, V. Ya. Butanaev, N. S. Teneshev, etc. served as a source base. Folklore materials — excerpts from heroic tales (alyptyg nymakhtar) used in this work presented for the first time in the author's translation in Russian. In the article under consideration, archival ethnographic materials on the indicated problems are also introduced into scientific circulation. Leading in the research is the principle of historicism, when any cultural phenomenon is considered in development and taking into account a specific situation. The research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods: remnants (relic) and semantic analysis.As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) in the traditional culture of the Khakass, the horse and its image occupied an important place. This pet was included in the ritual associated with the children's cycle; 2) In the religious and mythological consciousness of the people, the image of a horse was steadily associated with the idea of vitality and fertility; 3) Not only the image of this ungulate and some parts of its body were endowed with magical protective properties; 4) The sacralization of the horse contributed to the fact that its image in its various manifestations was widely represented in the rituals associated with prenatal, birth and postnatal childhood cycles. An important place in this process was given to individual elements of horse equipment; 5) The horse performed a significant function in the socialization of the child, including in such stages as naming and mastering riding skills.
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